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Mathematical Modeling and Analysis of Soft Tissue Viscoelasticity and Dielectric Relaxation
Published in A. Bakiya, K. Kamalanand, R. L. J. De Britto, Mechano-Electric Correlations in the Human Physiological System, 2021
A. Bakiya, K. Kamalanand, R. L. J. De Britto
On the contrary, hard tissues are calcified tissues in the human body, which are formed by the mineralization process. The various hard tissues in the body are bone, tooth enamel, dentin and cementum. The material properties and characteristics of soft tissues vary significantly from those of hard tissues. In general, the properties of a material can be classified into mechanical, optical, acoustic, electrical, thermal and magnetic properties, as shown in Figure 1.4. These properties play a significant role in defining the functions of various tissue types. Hence, it is important to have a thorough knowledge of the material properties of biological tissues to design suitable therapeutic and diagnostic equipment.
Craniofacial Regeneration—Bone
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Laura Guadalupe Hernandez, Lucia Pérez Sánchez, Rafael Hernández González, Janeth Serrano-Bello
The oral apparatus includes both soft and hard tissues. The soft tissues are the hard tissues comprising the alveolar bone, the alveolar process and the teeth, which include three structures: the enamel, cementum and dentine. The soft-tissue component is the pulp (Gaihre et al. 2017; Chu et al. 2014). All the above-mentioned bones have specific shapes, different volumes and provide a frame on which the soft tissues of the face can act to facilitate facial expression, eating, breathing and speech. These key characteristics will have to be considered when selecting the ideal graft for craniofacial reconstruction (Kawecki et al. 2018).
Angiosarcoma
Published in Dongyou Liu, Tumors and Cancers, 2017
The musculoskeletal system is composed of hard and soft tissues. While the hard tissue consists of bones and cartilages (articular cartilages), the soft tissues include fat, muscle (smooth, skeletal, and cardiac), fibrous tissue (tendons and ligaments), synovial tissue (joint capsules and ligaments), blood vessels, lymph vessels, and peripheral nerves. The main functions of soft tissues are to connect, support, or protect other structures and organs of the body.
Development and biocompatibility of the injectable collagen/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds as in situ forming hydrogel for the hard tissue engineering application
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2021
Armin Hassanzadeh, Javad Ashrafihelan, Roya Salehi, Reza Rahbarghazi, Masomeh Firouzamandi, Mahdi Ahmadi, Majid Khaksar, Mahdieh Alipour, Marziyeh Aghazadeh
Regeneration strategies in the craniofacial region for repairing and reconstructing the damaged hard tissues including bones, teeth, and cartilage should mimic or promote the oral developmental processes by using the biomaterials to induce the tissue formation via stimulation of the specific cellular function for regaining the function and aesthetic in this area [1]. In general, hard tissue engineering has revolutionized the treatment of injuries by overcoming the conventional drawbacks and has become a promising approach for healing injured tissues. Bone, tooth, and cartilage are complex bio-mineralized hierarchical structures containing the Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and collagen [2–4]. Hence, the ideal alternative to the conventional reconstruction methods should mimic the distinctive properties of the natural host tissue and promote regeneration. Tissue engineering scaffolds should be biocompatible, biodegradable, and have similar composition natural bone extracellular matrix (ECM). This similarity between ECM and scaffold structure could provide a distinct niche for cell migration, adhesion, and proliferation similar to the natural microenvironment, which is described for the tissue [5,6]. It should be noted that the fabricated scaffolds should be biocompatible without the induction of the immune responses to avoid producing inflammatory responses, acute immunogenicity, or cytotoxicity for the transplant cells, tissues, and organs [7].
Assessment of cortical bone fracture resistance curves by fusing artificial neural networks and linear regression
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2018
Arso M. Vukicevic, Gordana R. Jovicic, Milos N. Jovicic, Vladimir L. Milicevic, Nenad D. Filipovic
According to the clinical reports, injures represent one of the major health problems after cancer and cardiovascular diseases (Fingerhut 2004; Cryer et al. 2011). Regarding the injures with bone fracture, efficient and cost-effective management of associated risks remains a challenging problem for both clinicians as well as insurance, prosthesis and bioengineering specialists. Thus, improving the risks assessment of bones fracture could improve the quality of public health and reduce costs from the viewpoint of economy (Mitchell and Chem 2013; Childs and Vallier 2014). Briefly, bones are hard tissues with highly anisotropic characteristics and, unlike engineering materials, they have the ability to regenerate and adapt over time (Weiner and Wagner 1998; Phelps et al. 2000). Moreover, the process of adaptation to dominant muscle and external forces may vary depending on skeletal shape, age, gender, physiologic functions, disease, mechanical stress and type of fracture (Vashishth et al. 2000; Lee et al. 2002). Assuming such level of complexity, it may be noted that the assessment of bone fracture resistance remains a challenging task. Therefore, this study is focused on the cortical bone (Figure 1(a)), also called the compact bone because of its role in supporting the whole body (Ritchie et al. 2006).
Thermophysical and mechanical properties of biological tissues as a function of temperature: a systematic literature review
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2022
Leonardo Bianchi, Fabiana Cavarzan, Lucia Ciampitti, Matteo Cremonesi, Francesca Grilli, Paola Saccomandi
Overall, the slight differences associated with the different tissue characteristics and measurement methods can be ascribed to several factors. The measurement technique can impact the measurement accuracy and the models used to represent the temperature-dependent trends of the parameters. Moreover, the potential effect of the intraspecies variability on the thermal property values should be considered, as reported by Valvano et colleagues [121], and a comparison of the thermal properties recovered from the same tissue but for different species [62] may provide a more detailed overview of the tissue thermal property behavior. Figure 5(a) shows a considerable difference also between soft and hard tissues (such as bone), which is ascribable to the diverse water content [122].