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Lower Limb Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Malynda Williams
The posterior border of gluteus medius may blend with piriformis or send slips to its tendon (Henle 1858; Macalister 1875; Bergman et al. 1988; Akita et al. 1994; Flack et al. 2014; Nicholson et al. 2016; Standring 2016). Gluteus medius may also be partially or completely fused with gluteus minimus or its tendon (Macalister 1875; Knott 1883b; Testut 1884; Akita et al. 1993; Duparc et al. 1997; Flack et al. 2014, Nicholson et al. 2016). The insertion tendon of gluteus medius may also join with the tendon of vastus lateralis (Nazarian et al. 1987; Heimkes et al. 1992; Nicholson et al. 2016).
A to Z Entries
Published in Clare E. Milner, Functional Anatomy for Sport and Exercise, 2019
The muscles of the pelvis also contribute to moving the hip joint. The hip extensors on the posterior side of the pelvis are the muscles of the buttocks – gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus – which make up the bulk of this region, plus tensor fasciae latae and the six deep lateral rotators of the thigh – piriformis, the internal and external obturators, gemellus superior and inferior, and quadratus femoris. The action of gluteus maximus is to extend and externally rotate the hip. Through its insertion into the iliotibial band of the thigh, gluteus maximus also stabilizes the knee in extension. The posterior part of the gluteus medius also contributes to these hip movements, but its anterior part flexes the hip and internally rotates it. Gluteus medius also abducts the thigh. The smaller gluteus minimus contributes to flexing, internally rotating, and abducting the thigh.
Lower Limb
Published in Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno, Understanding Human Anatomy and Pathology, 2018
Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno
The muscles of the gluteal region (Table 5.1) comprise two main developmental units: the medial rotator glutealgroup and the lateral rotatorglutealgroup (Plate 5.7). The medial rotator group includes the tensor fasciae latae, gluteus minimus, and gluteus medius, all innervated by the superior gluteal nerve. Their common function is to medially rotate the thigh because they attach mainly on the anterior side of the greater trochanter of the femur. The gluteus medius and gluteus minimus are more oblique (fibers running distally and laterally to attach onto the anterior, superior aspect of the greater trochanter of the proximal femur), so they also abduct the thigh because their fibers pass superior to the hip joint (Figure 5.3). The tensor fasciae latae is more vertical (fibers running mainly distally to attach through the iliotibial tract to the lateral, proximal tibia), that is more parallel to the femur, so it cannot abduct but has a proper configuration to flex the thigh. This muscle can also tense the fascia lata (namely, the iliotibial tract, as its name suggests, and thus can stabilize the knee joint).
Gait synchronized neuromuscular electrical stimulation to the gluteus medius on a patient with right hemiparesis: a case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Molly E. Warshaw, Mathew J. Baltz, John H. Hollman
Within this case, NMES was only utilized for four treatment sessions over the span of two days. NMES to the gluteus medius was decided to be utilized in an attempt to improve hip control during the stance phase of gait. Over the last two sessions the NMES was applied on and off every five steps and at random in order to provide intermittent and random feedback to improve neuromuscular reeducation and promote carry-over. NMES was discontinued after the fourth session as the patient showed dynamic hip control that carried over even when providing less intermittent stimulation and no stimulation. The time during the patient’s physical therapy sessions that was previously being used for set-up of the NMES device was decided to be more beneficially used for further dynamic balance activities.
Comparison of Two Posterior Soft Tissue Repair Techniques to Prevent Dislocation after Total Hip Arthroplasty via the Posterolateral Approach
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Fei Wu, Peng Yin, Xuefeng Yu, Gang Liu, Weihao Zheng
The efficacy and reliability of TBRT have been supported by clinical and biomechanical data, while Zhou et al. [22] reported that drilling holes in the greater trochanter would reduce bone strength and increase the risk of fracture. Moreover, White et al. [13] revealed that when the PST was reconstructed by 2.7-mm bone holes with 2-0-Ethibond non-absorbable sutures, the incidence of greater trochanteric fracture was 0.9%. They believed that greater trochanteric fractures can be avoided by gradually reducing the diameter of bone holes. Osmani et al. [23] supported this perspective. They reduced the holes to 2.3 mm, and no greater trochanteric fracture was observed in 150 patients during follow-up. In the present study, the PST was reattached through two 2-mm holes placed 2 cm apart about 1 cm from the lateral rim of the greater trochanter, and trochanteric fracture did not occur at 6 months of follow-up. We believed that reasonable holes had no significant effect on bone strength, and the bone holes were strong enough to resist the pull of the sutures. Although there was one case of gluteus medius rupture and four cases of incision-related complications in the present study, we believed there was no significant correlation between these complications and the repair techniques.
Strength Training Effects on Muscle Forces and Contributions to Whole-Body Movement in Cerebral Palsy
Published in Journal of Motor Behavior, 2019
Amy K. Hegarty, Max J. Kurz, Wayne Stuberg, Anne K. Silverman
For Child 2, our first hypothesis was supported for two muscle groups. There were greater forces from the less-affected leg hip flexors (IL, p < 0.01, d = 2.05), and hip extensors (HAM, p < 0.01, d = 1.53) after training. In addition, the less-affected leg IL had greater body propulsion (p < 0.01, d = 3.7, Figure 3A) and the more-affected leg GAS provided greater body support (p < 0.05, d = 0.835, Figure 3B) after training. Increased force production from the less-affected leg gluteus medius (GMEDA, p < 0.05, d = 1.31) was also found after training. Self-selected walking speed for Child 2 was not significantly different after training (0.98 ± 0.08 m/s prior to training, 1.01 ± 0.08 m/s after training).