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Lower Limb Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Malynda Williams
Variations in the gluteal muscles including division of the muscle into multiple parts should be acknowledged when considering injections into the gluteal musculature (Kirici and Ozan 1999). Arora et al. (2010) note that accessory slips related to gluteus maximus or piriformis may compress the inferior gluteal nerve and lead to weakness in gluteus maximus. The accessory muscle described by Taylor et al. (2015) (see above) may have caused pain and other symptoms similar to those of Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome (GTPS).
A to Z Entries
Published in Clare E. Milner, Functional Anatomy for Sport and Exercise, 2019
The gluteal muscles on the rear of the pelvis are well developed in sprint athletes such as track sprint runners and track cyclists. In these sports, the hip needs to be actively extended during every cycle of the running stride or pedal stroke. In sprint runners, these muscles are actively contracted to bring the body forwards over the standing leg during the stance phase of the running cycle. This is a closed chain movement of hip extension, with the lower extremity in fixed contact with the ground and the body moving forward over it. In cycling, approximately half of the circular motion of the pedal stroke involves extending the hip from a flexed position.
Ilizarov hip reconstruction osteotomy for neglected dislocation of the hip in young adults
Published in K. Mohan Iyer, Hip Preservation Techniques, 2019
By combining an angular proximal femoral osteotomy and a distal femoral lengthening, hip instability and limb-length discrepancy can be corrected concurrently, avoiding the need for multiple surgical procedures (Figures 25.16 and 25.17). The effect of the proximal osteotomy is to place the femur under the pelvis and as a result to support the pelvis. In addition, the gluteal muscles are stretched maximally and the pelvis is stabilized during the single-limb stance phase of gait. This results in resolution of the Trendelenburg gait and sign. Angulation of the proximal femur is well marked by the soft tissue bulk of the proximal thigh and displaces the large soft tissue mass laterally, which provides a more normal appearance to the limb. The functional abduction obtained on the surgically-treated side aids perineal hygiene and sexual function in women.
Altered muscle strength and flexibility among a subgroup of women with chronic nonspecific low back pain: Cross-sectional case-control study
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Sima Vatandoost, Rahman Sheikhhoseini, Behnam Akhbari, Mahyar Salavati, Mohammadreza Pourahmadi, Maryam Farhang, Kieran O’Sullivan
All muscle groups examined in our study were weaker among the subgroup with LBP, although this did not reach statistical significance for gluteus medius. In this regard, our data are very consistent with existing data showing weakness, among heterogeneous LBP populations, of the abdominal, trunk, and gluteal muscle groups (Cooper et al., 2016; de Sousa et al., 2019; Latimer, Maher, Refshauge, and Colaco, 1999; Lee, Ooi, and Nakamura, 1995). There remains conflict in the literature on whether hamstring weakness is common among people with CNLBP (de Sousa et al., 2019; Lee, Ooi, and Nakamura, 1995) as we observed. The mechanisms underlying such weakness could relate to deconditioning, psychological factors such as fear of injury, and of course the inhibitory role of the pain experience itself. Interestingly, trunk strength does not appear to strongly predict future LBP (Sadler et al., 2017).
Corticomotor Excitability of Gluteus Maximus Is Associated with Hip Biomechanics During a Single-Leg Drop-Jump
Published in Journal of Motor Behavior, 2021
Yo Shih, Beth E. Fisher, Jo Armour Smith, Christopher M. Powers
Given that muscular strength does not fully account for the variability in lower extremity movement behavior related to knee injury, it has been proposed that altered motor control may be contributory (Flaxman, Smith, & Benoit, 2014; Powers & Fisher, 2010; Swanik, Covassin, Stearne, & Schatz, 2007; Zazulak, Hewett, Reeves, Goldberg, & Cholewicki, 2007). Evidence in support of this premise is provided by studies that have shown that altered neuromuscular activation of the gluteal muscles, such as reduced magnitude of muscle recruitment or a delay in onset timing, is associated with knee injury (Barton, Lack, Malliaras, & Morrissey, 2013; Hollman, Galardi, Lin, Voth, & Whitmarsh, 2014). Furthermore, it has been proposed that increased use of the GM following skill acquisition training, as opposed to strengthening, underlies the protective effect afforded by injury-prevention training (Powers & Fisher, 2010).
Individual muscle contributions to hip joint-contact forces during walking in unilateral transfemoral amputees with osseointegrated prostheses
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
Vahidreza Jafari Harandi, David Charles Ackland, Raneem Haddara, L. Eduardo Cofré Lizama, Mark Graf, Mary Pauline Galea, Peter Vee Sin Lee
The current study demonstrated greater hip muscle forces as well as muscle contributions to the hip contact forces of the intact limb compared to the residual limb in transfemoral amputees with osseointegrated prostheses. A more extended position of hip in the intact limb was associated with larger hip muscles forces and muscle contribution to hip contact forces, compared to those in the residual limb. The results showed that the gluteal muscles in the intact limb provided greater contribution to hip contact forces than those in the residual limb. Rehabilitation methods may be designed to decrease GMAX and IL activity in the intact limb to decrease their contributions to peak hip contact forces during stance, coupled with strengthening of the gluteal muscles and IL in the residual limb to improve overall balance control. The results highlight prominent asymmetries during walking that may ultimately increase risk of joint pain and musculoskeletal disease in transfemoral amputees with osseointegrated prostheses.