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Functional Anatomy
Published in James Crossley, Functional Exercise and Rehabilitation, 2021
The terms connective tissue and fascia are commonly interchangeable. Fascia, derived from the Latin for a ‘band or bandage’, is a term anatomists use to describe the dense connective tissue that wraps around every other tissue or organ of the body. You will have seen fascia, it is the tough white substance attached to meat and bones you buy from the butcher. Anyone who has skinned a chicken breast or trimmed meat has felt fascial tissue.
Biotensegrity
Published in Sahar Swidan, Matthew Bennett, Advanced Therapeutics in Pain Medicine, 2020
Regardless of specialty, clinicians need anatomic models as a context for the diagnosis and treatment of pain complaints. This chapter argues that the fundamental mis-framing of musculoskeletal anatomy has impeded our ability to diagnose and treat myofascial pain and traditional orthopedic pathologies. Biotensegrity theory and recent advances in fascial anatomy provide a context for understanding all other anatomic structures in new ways. This reframing of anatomy helps explain the persistence of myofascial pain and the effectiveness of alternative treatments, such as prolotherapy, manual fascial therapies, and manipulation. A detailed case example illustrates the clinical application of biotensegrity and dynamic ultrasound in the context of orthopedic injury and neuromuscular dysfunction. MPS [myofascial pain syndrome] is actually a complex form of neuro- muscular dysfunction associated with functional deficits and broader symptomatology.Jay Shah, et al.1
De Fabrica Humani Corporis—Fascia as the Fabric of the Body
Published in David Lesondak, Angeli Maun Akey, Fascia, Function, and Medical Applications, 2020
In a narrower sense, fascia is also the subcutaneous collection of anatomically recognizable connective tissue structures that connect, support, and enclose muscles, bones, nerves, blood vessels, and organs in the form of layers, membranes, laminae, and envelopes.7,8
Comparison and convergence of compartment syndrome techniques: a narrative review
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Naveen Sharma, Nitin Mohan Sharma, Apurva Sharma, Sarfaraj Mirza
Figure 1 [3] describes the structure of a calf, showing the compartments. Compartment syndrome is a disorder characterized by increased pressure on the tissues or muscles, which is caused by an injury that causes swelling or bleeding within the compartment. Because fascia tissue does not stretch or expand easily, it helps maintain the position of the muscles. Consequently, any swelling, bleeding, or fluid release inside the compartment will exert additional pressure on the muscles, nerves, and so forth, which reduces the oxygenated blood flow and nutrients inside the compartment, resulting in internal damage. This condition may cause irreversible tissue damage if left untreated. Figure 2 [3] represents the condition of compartment syndrome, in which the blood flow has been reduced due to the increased pressure inside the compartments.
Factors influencing magnetic resonance imaging finding of endopelvic fascial edema after ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation of uterine fibroids
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2022
Yuhang Liu, Yang Liu, Fajin Lv, Yuqing Zhong, Zhibo Xiao, Furong Lv
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used for the postoperative follow-up of USgHIFU ablation because of its excellent soft tissue resolution that can assess the target and surrounding tissue. Some studies showed that the sacrococcygeal fascial edema, which is significantly associated with postoperative sacrococcygeal pain, can be observed in MRI in certain patients after USgHIFU [6]. However, the endopelvic fascia is the continuous connective tissue network that covers the structures of the pelvic cavity and contains many fascia and space other than the sacrococcygeal region, such as the parietal component (covered musculoskeletal structures such as the pelvic floor and wall), visceral component (attached to the pelvic organs, including the bladder, uterus, and rectum), and connective tissue linking these two components [7]. Injury to fascia may irritate or compress the underlying nerves causing pain or paresthesia in the corresponding area [8]. Moreover, the surrounding fasciae may also be involved in the pathophysiology of pelvic floor disorders and play an essential role in the support and suspension of the female pelvic floor structures [7,9].
Gua sha therapy in the management of musculoskeletal pathology: a narrative review
Published in Physical Therapy Reviews, 2022
In addition to increased microcirculation, physical manipulation of soft tissue has been proposed as a mechanism of gua sha therapy. This suggested physiologic effect is best outlined in descriptions of the Graston Technique, which distanced itself from the blood stasis theories of the therapy’s traditional East Asian origins by focusing on performance athletics [10, 37]. The Graston Technique is described as a patented instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) technique used to detect and treat scar tissue that can restrict a patient’s range of motion, practiced by physical therapists, massage therapists, chiropractors, and athletic trainers [10]. While official information by Graston Technique, LLC note improved blood blow as a mechanism behind the treatment’s reported efficacy, a focus on soft issue injury repair remains predominant [10, 37]. Proponents of the technique report the ability to ‘detect fascial restrictions’ that can limit muscle lengthening and healing, but there is limited evidence regarding the validity of that claim [38]. Biological studies have found that acute inflammation induction through use of an instrument can increase fibroblast proliferation, which may increase synthesis and realignment of previously damaged collagen [39, 40]. However, these studies have only been performed on limited rat models, with no studies identifying this physiologic response in humans. The ability for practitioners to utilize gua sha or another variant of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization to specifically detect and break down scar tissue remains largely speculative.