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Biochemical Markers for Alzheimer Disease as Reflection of the Neuropathology in Cerebrospinal Fluid:
Published in Robert E. Becker, Ezio Giacobini, Alzheimer Disease, 2020
C. Bancher, H.M. Wisniewski, P.D. Mehta, K.S. Kim, I. Grundke-Iqbal, K. Iqbal
False positive results may be due to increased presence of cross-reactive elements in the brain tissue. Nothing is known on the solubility properties of these structures, but for theoretical purposes the existence of soluble derivatives in the CSF has to be considered. Especially corpora amylacea can be numerous in the aging brain and are preferentially found near the pial and ventricular surfaces. Theoretically, increased numbers of Lewy bodies could also lead to a false positive test since these lesions contain ubiquitin (Kuzuhara et al. 1988) and react with the PHF mAbs (Galloway et al. 1988; Bancher et al. 1989a). Diffuse Lewy body disease, characterized by the widespread occurrence of Lewy bodies in the cerebral cortex, has recently been shown to be a significant substrate of dementia in old age (Byrne et al. 1989; Dickson et al. 1989) and represents an important differential diagnosis to AD. However, as seen by immunocytochemistry with antibodies to ubiquitin or PHF, the total amount of reactivity in the tissue of these cases is only a small fraction of what one observes in the AD brain. This difference makes it unlikely that high numbers of Lewy bodies will be reflected by elevated levels of 5-25 immunoreactivity in the CSF.
Intracellular and Extracellular Structures
Published in Philip T. Cagle, Timothy C. Allen, Mary Beth Beasley, Diagnostic Pulmonary Pathology, 2008
Rose C. Anton, Philip T. Cagle
Corpora amylacea are pale pink, laminated, round to oval concretions present within alveoli and alveolar walls (Fig. 6). They can range in size from 30 to 200 μm and may have an associated histiocytic reaction. A birefringent central core may occasionally be demonstrated under polarized light; however, unlike calcospherites, they are not usually calcified. Corpora amylacea are also PAS-positive and have no known clinical significance. They are associated with congestive heart failure or other disorders that result in pulmonary edema.
The Incidence, and Polarization Optical Characteristics of Pulmonary Alveolar Calcospherities (Corpora Amylacea) in Rheumatoid Arthritis - A Retrospective Clinicopathologic Study of 210 Autopsy Patients
Published in Gilles Grateau, Robert A. Kyle, Martha Skinner, Amyloid and Amyloidosis, 2004
Alveolar microlithiasis is a rare pulmonary disease of unknown etiology. It is characterized histologically by concentrically laminated crystalloid calcified bodies (calcospherities, corpora amylacea) in the alveoli. Corpora amylacea (calcospherities) are eosinophilic, congophilic rounded, lamellated proteinaceous bodies, consisting mainly of calcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate. They are found in both normal and diseased lungs. Most of the patients are asymptomatic, but mild dyspnoe, restrictive lung disease, and cor pulmonale (with dramatic miliary roentgenographic changes) may also develop. The aim of this study was to determine: the incidence of pulmonary microlithiasis in lungs of RA autopsy patientsthe size of corpora amylaceathe histochemical and immunohistochemical characteristics of pulmonary corpora amylaceathe stages of crystalloid formationthe clinicopathological correlation of alveolar microlithiasis: the link with interstitial pneumonitis and/or interstitial fibrosis, the relation to congestive or restrictive cardiac insufficiency (based on the presence of heart failure cells in the alveoli).
Needle-shaped amyloid deposition in rat mammary gland: evidence of a novel amyloid fibril protein
Published in Amyloid, 2020
Tomoaki Murakami, Keiichi Noguchi, Naomi Hachiya, Fuyuki Kametani, Masayoshi Tasaki, Satoshi Nakaba, Yukiko Sassa, Taro Yamashita, Konen Obayashi, Yukio Ando, Masao Hamamura, Takeshi Kanno, Kazufumi Kawasako
Amyloidosis is a group of disorders characterized by the deposition of amyloid fibrils and is categorized as systemic or localized. Localized amyloidosis is classified according to the organs and tissues in which amyloid deposits are found and is subclassified according to amyloid precursor proteins. To date, 36 extracellular amyloidogenic proteins are known in humans [1]. Fundamental research using animals is effective for analysing the pathogenesis of human diseases, and thus, newly discovered animal diseases corresponding to human amyloidosis are expected to be studied as models of human disease. However, among the 36 types of amyloidosis classified in humans, only nine types of amyloidosis have been discovered in animals [1]. ACas amyloidosis, which is characterized as corpora amylacea (CA) in the rat mammary gland as well as in dogs and cows [2–5], is the only type of amyloidosis that was discovered earlier in animals than in humans [1].
Centenary of Tretiakoff’s thesis on the morphology of Parkinson’s disease, evolved on the grounds of encephalitis lethargica pathology
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2019
Tretiakoff was the source of the eponym Lewy bodies (“Corps de Lewy”), but Lafora had already been mentioned (“cuerpos de Lewy”) in a paper from 1913 (Engelhardt, 2017; Foley, 2018, end note p. 669). Recently Engelhardt (2017) doubted the primacy of Lewy’s description of the inclusion bodies and preferred Lafora’ papers from 1911. In his handbook article (1912), Lewy already saw the similarity of Lafora’s intracellular bodies: inclusions, which partly in their origin and in their structure seem to be attributed to Lafora’s corpora amylacea, but—in my view—not rightly. They have at first some reacting properties of corpora amylacea, but they are smaller and more unregularly formed and do not have the typical glassy, onion skin aspect. [Einlagerungen, die z.T. in ihrer Genese mit den von Lafora abgebildeten und von ihm, wie ich glaube nicht ganz mit recht den zugerechneten Gebilden zu tun zu haben scheinen. Sie gehen demgemäß zunächst einige Reaktionen der Corpora amylacea ein, sind aber kleiner, unregelmäßiger geformt, haben auch nicht das typische glasige, zwiebelschalenartige Aussehen derselben.] (Tafel VIII; Abb.1 und 7)
Current status on researches of Meniere’s disease: a review
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2020
Yupeng Liu, Jun Yang, Maoli Duan
Other histological features have also been observed by temporal bone studies of MD patients. These studies include findings of ischemia of the stria vascularis, fibrous tissue proliferation in saccular, atrophy of the sac and loss of epithelial integrity, hypoplasia of the vestibular aqueduct, and spiral ganglion degeneration at the apex of the cochlea [1]. Recently, histopathological examination of vestibular nerve (VN) in MD patients revealed evidence of various types of chronic VN impairment, including the formation of corpora amylacea, axon atrophy, and severe damage to the myelin sheath. Density of corpora amylacea is positively correlated with the duration of disease, as well as the degree of hearing impairment [2].