China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Miscellaneous
Published in Bobby Krishnachetty, Abdul Syed, Harriet Scott, Applied Anatomy for the FRCA, 2020
Bobby Krishnachetty, Abdul Syed, Harriet Scott
The epiphysis of long bones is the typical insertion site for IO access. The three main layers are Periosteum – the outermost layer that surrounds the bone.Cortical bone – the middle layer, which is heavily mineralised and contains a network of blood vessels. The Haversian canals are vertical channels for blood vessels and nerves found on the outermost region of cortical bone and are connected by horizontal Volkmann canals. Concentric layers (lamellae) containing osteophytes surround the Haversian canals and interconnections between the channels and osteophytes are called canaliculi.Cancellous bone – the innermost layer and consists of multiple trabeculae in a lattice-like structure. The space between the trabeculae contains blood vessels and bone marrow. With correct placement, the tip of the IO needle lies within the cancellous bone.
DRCOG MCQs for Circuit B Questions
Published in Una F. Coales, DRCOG: Practice MCQs and OSCEs: How to Pass First Time three Complete MCQ Practice Exams (180 MCQs) Three Complete OSCE Practice Papers (60 Questions) Detailed Answers and Tips, 2020
Osteoporosis:Oestrogen increases bone mass.Raloxifene is licensed for the prevention and treatment of spinal osteoporosis and may reduce the risk of breast cancer.Characterized by a decrease in the number and size of the trabeculae of cancellous bone.One in two women over 70 years will have an osteoporotic-related fracture.Bisphosphonates decrease the risk of vertebral fractures in the postmenopausal woman.
Introduction and Review of Biological Background
Published in Luke R. Bucci, Nutrition Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2020
Cancellous bone healing is accomplished by direct repair, since its location is usually inside of compact bone. Hematoma formation occurs, followed by new blood vessel formation and osteoblastic cell migration. Only a small callus, if any, forms, and new osteoid is mineralized and remodeled to resemble the original structures.
The effect of shock waves on mineralization and regeneration of distraction zone in osteoporotic rabbits
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Enes Özkan, Erman Şenel, Mehmet Cihan Bereket, Mehmet Emin Önger
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by a decreased bone mass and bone mineral density, and impaired bone microstructure. It is common, especially among postmenopausal women [1]. Due to these changes in bone structure, certain complications are observed, including susceptibility to bone fractures, delayed fracture healing, and loss of stabilization [2]. Decreased bone mineral density and increased cancellous bone spaces in the jaws of osteoporotic individuals are risk factors for early and late dental implant failure [3]. To prevent complications and reduce mortality and morbidity, standard treatments must be supported by inducing therapies for bone healing [4]. Although research on osteoporotic fractures has focused on preventing bone fractures and preserving the bone structure, little emphasis has been placed on bone healing [5].
Porous interbody fusion cage design via topology optimization and biomechanical performance analysis
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Nan Li, Yang Zhang, Qiaohong Tang, Hongkun Wang, Da He, Yan Yao, Yubo Fan
Finally, there are still some limitations. The designed fusion cage in this study is composed of one type of unit cell that is distributed uniformly in space. In fact, the porosity structure of cancellous bone is complex and heterogeneity to adapt to the complex external mechanical environment. Gradient porous structure design based on functional requirements is one of the promising methods to improve the mechanical properties of the fusion cage in the following research. In addition, this study mainly focuses on the biomechanical performances of the designed porous fusion device cages after being implanted into the human body, and lacks the evaluation of mechanical properties of the designed porous structures. The mechanical properties of the porous structure composed of the optimized unit cells will be evaluated comprehensively by combining 3 D printing, mechanical testing and finite element simulation analysis in the future study. Besides, in future studies, it is also necessary to carry out cadaver and animal experiments on the porous fusion cage to obtain the cage of well biomechanical and biological properties. Finally, the FE models developed in this study should be further improved on some aspects to optimize a fusion cage for specific patient, including patient-specific vertebral geometry, material properties, and muscle models.
Bone fracture healing within a continuum bone remodelling framework
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Ina Schmidt, Jacob Albert, Marina Ritthaler, Areti Papastavrou, Paul Steinmann
Unlike the theories and models described before, our work concentrates on the ends of long bone, which mainly consist of cancellous bone. As these regions are mostly close to joints, external callus formation is usually not desired in order not to hinder the mechanism of joint function. Fixation systems are therefore used to create the smallest possible gap between the fracture surfaces and to prevent motion at the fracture site in order to achieve primary bone healing. Any tissue differentiation is thus not considered in this context. Instead, this work is based on continuum bone remodelling, see Kuhl and Steinmann (2003) and Liedtke et al. (2017), with the aim of incorporating primary bone healing especially at the femur head. Previous studies have already shown that this type of modelling offers many opportunities to include various aspects that influence bone processes within the same model, for example age-dependency (Papastavrou et al. 2020a), the availability of nutrition and hormones (Papastavrou et al. 2020b) and the simultaneous consideration of cancellous and cortical bone (Schmidt et al. 2021). The modification to furthermore include bone healing would thus allow a broader application of the model also with regard to the design and simulation of implant integration.