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Complications of Equine Anesthesia
Published in Michele Barletta, Jane Quandt, Rachel Reed, Equine Anesthesia and Pain Management, 2023
Treatment of atrial fibrillation includes: Lidocaine: 2 mg/kg IV bolus, 50 µg/kg/min CRI.Quinidine: 1 mg/kg slow IV (over 10 minutes) repeated up to a total of 4 mg/kg.Electrocardioconversion; more likely to be successful if patient has not been in atrial fibrillation for a long period of time.
Measuring and monitoring vital signs
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
Atrial fibrillation comprises fibrillation (quivering) of the atria leading to irregular and often fast ventricular contraction and thus a highly irregular pulse rate. This is known as an arrhythmia. The rhythm. Rhythm helps to establish whether the heart is beating regularly. An irregular pulse indicates a possible abnormality in the heart’s conduction system. NICE (2019b) recommends that manual pulse palpation should be performed to identify an irregular pulse, which can indicate atrial fibrillation. Electronic devices may not be able to record irregular pulse rates, so learn how to record a pulse manually.
The patient with acute cardiovascular problems
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
Each side of the heart is comprised of two chambers, an atrium and a ventricle. The atria are the smaller chambers and act as a conduit for blood to be collected and transferred into the ventricles. The ventricles are the larger chambers and move the blood out of the heart. The right ventricular wall has a thinner wall than that of the left ventricle, as it is only required to eject the blood into the pulmonary circulation, whereas the left ventricle is required to send the blood out to the peripheries of the body under sufficient pressure to facilitate the perfusion of the tissues. Hence, the left ventricle has a considerably greater muscle mass in comparison to the right ventricle.
The role of interleukins in pathogenesis and prognosis of atrial fibrillation
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2023
Mohammad Erfan Lotfi, Parmida Sadat Pezeshki, Nima Rezaei
Paroxysmal AF that ends automatically, persistent AF that is not self-limiting and lasts more than seven days, and permanent AF with prolonged episodes are the three main groups of AF in clinical medicine [33]. The rate of death and complications caused by AF are higher in the permanent and persistent types than in the paroxysmal type [27]. According to previous studies, continuous ECG, electronic blood pressure monitoring, and palpation of the radial pulse are appropriate and accurate diagnostic methods for AF [34,35]. In addition, the anatomy and physiology of the atria and ventricles should be investigated. Therefore, echocardiography, physical examination, chest radiography, and blood tests should also be applied [30]. AF is generally difficult to detect because patients are often asymptomatic or have nonspecific symptoms [35]. Symptoms of AF are created by its influence on the heart or thromboembolic events and include dyspnea, fatigue, syncope, palpitations, and chest pain [36].
Is combined use of radiofrequency ablation and balloon dilation the future of interatrial communications?
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2022
The atrial flow regulator is a self-expandable nitinol mesh device braided into two flat discs, in which there is a fixed fenestration to provide a controllable interatrial shunt [88]. The fenestration has multiple diameters (6, 8, and 10 mm) and is designed to allow interatrial bidirectional flow. Similar to an atrial septal defect or patent foramen ovale occluder, the device is placed within the interatrial septum after a transseptal puncture. Atrial flow regulators have been implanted in patients with HFpEF, HFmEF, and severe PAH [17,88–90]. Although spontaneous closure has been reported in the preclinical research, clinical studies have suggested device patency of nearly 100% during the follow-up [62]. A 10–12 F delivery sheath is required for device implantation via femoral venous access. With a similar design and implantation technique to that of the atrial flow regulator, a D-shunt atrium shunt device is a double disc and buckle-shaped mesh plug made of nickel-titanium alloy [91]. During a 6-month follow-up period, the clinical outcome was satisfactory, with symptomatic improvement in patients with chronic heart failure.
Abdominal Ischemia-Reperfusion Induced Cardiac Dysfunction Can Be Prevented by MitoTEMPO
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Ahmet Akkoca, Murat Cenk Celen, Seckin Tuncer, Nizamettin Dalkilic
In this study, papillary muscles were isolated from the left ventricle of the rat heart for isometric contraction recordings and histological examinations. Under anesthesia, the animals’ rib cages were opened by sternotomy, and hearts were rapidly removed and moved into fresh Krebs solution; having 135 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 2.5 mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgSO4.7H2O, 1 mM NaH2PO4.2H2O, 15 mM NaHCO3, 11 mM glucose, pH adjusted to 7.40, gassed with 95% O2 + 5% CO2 mixture (All chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany). In this solution, the hearts were fixed from the right ventricle by a small steel pin in the position visible from the dorsal region, and both atria are separated from the hearts by microsurgical scissors. An incision was made from the level of the atrioventricular valve to the apex on the ventricular wall, and the ventricle was opened to make the papillary muscles visible. Finally, the papillary muscles were isolated by cutting off the connection with the ventricular tissue.