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Nanopharmaceuticals in Cardiovascular Medicine
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
Ramandeep Singh, Anupam Mittal, Maryada Sharma, Ajay Bahl, Madhu Khullar
Nanoparticle systems have exhibited their potential use as biomarkers in various clinical tests. Researchers have shown that a quantum dots assembly of zinc sulphide and cadmium selenide conjugated with monoclonal antibody on a glass substrate coated with indium tin oxide can detect abnormal levels of procalcitonin protein, which is generally overexpressed in case of urinary tract infections (Ghrera et al., 2019). A recent study found that higher levels of C-reactive protein are related to chances of myocardial infarction. It also acts as a biomarker for several diseases that show inflammation as one of the symptoms. Antibodies against C-reactive protein conjugated on the surface of gold nanoparticles have shown promising results as a detection method for the inflammation in different diseases (António et al., 2018).
Toxic Megacolon in Crohn’s Colitis
Published in Savio George Barreto, Shailesh V. Shrikhande, Dilemmas in Abdominal Surgery, 2020
Blood samples need to be drawn for an urgent hemoglobin, hematocrit, total leucocyte count, blood glucose levels, serum electrolytes, liver and renal function tests, coagulation studies, and C-reactive protein. Daily reassessment of these investigations are imperative. C-reactive protein is a good determinant of clinical improvement.
Biochemical Parameters and Childhood Obesity
Published in Anil Gupta, Biochemical Parameters and the Nutritional Status of Children, 2020
The C-reactive protein is considered the non-specific biomarker of low-grade inflammation and the liver was considered the only organ that could synthesize the C-reactive protein. Recently, it has been confirmed that adipocytes serve as extrahepatic tissues for the synthesis of C-reactive protein. Interleukin-6 is implicated in the induction of C-reactive protein synthesis in the liver, while tumor necrosis factor-alpha is considered as the chief pro-inflammatory protein, which is secreted by adipose tissues and is involved in the inflammation in the adipose tissues and it, in turn, contributes to the synthesis of C-reactive protein (Danesh et al. 1999).
Coronary atherosclerotic plaque progression: contributing factors in statin-treated patients
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2020
Donald Clark, Rishi Puri, Steven E. Nissen
Well established non-lipid cardiovascular risk factors play an essential role in the development of atherosclerosis. Hypertension is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. In the setting of LDL ≤70 mg/dL, normal systolic BP <120 mmHg is associated with the slowest progression of coronary atherosclerosis [56]. Additionally, greater blood pressure variability, particularly systolic blood pressure variability, significantly associates with coronary atheroma progression using intraindividual standard deviation over 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months [57]. Diabetic patients with coronary artery disease are at high risk for adverse cardiovascular events, and coronary computed tomography assessment suggests that presence of diabetes is associated with greater plaque progression, and post hoc analysis of the SATURN trial demonstrated that high-intensity statin therapy alters the progressive nature of diabetic atherosclerosis [58,59]. Atherosclerosis is extremely common among patients with chronic kidney disease and progression of atheroma burden closely associates with progressive stages of chronic kidney disease [60]. High C-reactive protein is a well-established predictor of cardiovascular events and recent clinical trials have demonstrated that modulating inflammatory pathways can reduce residual cardiovascular risk [61]. Collectively, further research is needed to assess the relationship between non-lipid cardiovascular risk factors, targeted therapies, and the impact on coronary atheroma progression.
Non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia: general characteristics and early predictive factors for poor outcome
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2020
Leyre Serrano, Luis A. Ruiz, Lorea Martinez-Indart, Pedro P. España, Ainhoa Gómez, Ane Uranga, Marta García, Borja Santos, Amaia Artaraz, Rafael Zalacain
In this work, we have observed that both the presence of leukopenia and severe inflammation are predictive factors of poor outcome, which are not included in PSI score. Leukopenia indicates abnormalities in the host’s inflammatory response with increased susceptibility to severe disease and mortality [45–47]. Defects in immunity and immune suppression are risk factors for severe infectious disease but, on the opposite side, severe inflammation also indicates gravity of the infection. High C-reactive protein level indicates intense inflammation due to infection and it has been clearly associated with worse in-hospital course in previous studies [48]. As neutrophils are extracted from the circulation, leucocytosis indicates a high demand of immune response by the lung in order to neutralise a severe infection and it is also related with worse outcome [49,50].
Relation between mean platelet volume and C-reactive protein
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2020
Somedeb Ball, Jeff A. Dennis, Genanew Bedanie, Kenneth Nugent
C-reactive protein is an established marker of systemic inflammation. Native pentameric CRP (p-CRP) is considered the stable physiological form. Under certain circumstances, it undergoes dissociation to form the monomeric CRP (m-CRP), which has potent proinflammatory properties.5 Several genetic polymorphisms have been associated with the baseline level of CRP in individuals. High-fat diets seem to increase the levels of CRP, and physical exercise leads to a decrease in levels.12 Mean platelet volume, on the other hand, is a measure of size and activity of platelets. In a large population study, cardiovascular risk factors were associated with high MPV in men, whereas the use of oral contraceptives and menstruation were found to be determinants for high MPV in female participants. The same study suggested that several single nucleotide polymorphisms could be related to higher MPV in individuals.13 Cytoskeletal genes in megakaryocytes have been linked to platelet size and MPV in genomic association studies.14 Lifestyle modification measures lead to a decrease in MPV levels.15