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Abiotic Stress in Plants
Published in Hasanuzzaman Mirza, Nahar Kamrun, Fujita Masayuki, Oku Hirosuke, Tofazzal M. Islam, Approaches for Enhancing Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants, 2019
Ashutosh K. Pandey, Annesha Ghosh, Kshama Rai, Adeeb Fatima, Madhoolika Agrawal, S.B. Agrawal
Several controlled environment and field studies have observed that current background O3 concentrations are adversely affecting the yields of different crops species such as wheat (Mishra et al., 2013; Rai et al., 2007; Sarkar; Wahid, 2006a), rice (Sarkar et., 2015; Maggs and Ashmore, 1998; Wahid et al., 1995), soybean (Jaoudé et al., 2008; McGrath et al., 2015; Singh et al., 2010), maize (Singh et al., 2014), barley (Pleijel et al., 1992; Wahid, 2006b), mustard (Singh et al., 2009) and mung bean (Chaudhary et al., 2015). A regression analysis study carried out by McGrath et al. (2015) showed that ambient O3 concentration in the United States had resulted in about 5% and 10% yield loss in soybean and maize respectively during the period 1980–2011 in the rainfed field conditions. Feng and Kobayashi (2009) reported yield losses of more than 10% for soybean, wheat and rice and more than 20% for beans under the projected O3 concentration of 51–75 ppb, thereby indicating that future peaking of O3 concentration poses a serious threat to the food security worldwide. Furthermore, previous studies have observed higher O3 sensitivity of leguminous crops followed by crops of Poaceae family such as wheat, rice and barley (Feng and Kobayashi, 2009; Mills et al., 2007; Sarkar) (Table 1.1).
Optimization of Process Parameters for Ozone Disinfestation of C. Maculatus: Effects on Germination, in Vitro Protein Digestibility, Nutritional, Thermal and Pasting Properties of Mung Bean Grains
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2023
Kulwinder Kaur, Satish Kumar, Preetinder Kaur, Manpreet Kaur Saini, Arashdeep Singh, Manju Bala, Dhanwinder Singh
The disinfestation of C. maculatus at all life stages was successfully accomplished with the use of an adequate combination of ozone concentration, exposure time and grain moisture content. Among all C. maculatus life stages, adults were more sensitive to ozone treatment than pupae, larvae and eggs. Since storing infected grains without treatment can significantly reduce the quality of the grain over time, the only current emphasis should be on controlling adult insects and their developmental stages right after harvest. An optimized conditions, that is, ozone concentration (1000ppm), exposure time (2 h) and grain moisture content (11.1%, wb), showed complete mortality of adult insect and all developmental stages along with enhanced germination rate by more than 85%. The quality of treated mung beans under optimized conditions demonstrated that the product retains nutritional value for human consumption, despite a slight decrease in the protein, fat, and mineral content of mung beans as well as in protein digestibility. At the same time, the ozonated mung bean’s thermal and pasting qualities were also improved, indicating that it could be used to create a variety of products. In a nut shell, ozone can be used as a green fumigant in rotational strategies to improve insect mortality while altering the end-use quality of mung beans minimally.
The metal distribution and the change of physiological and biochemical process in soybean and mung bean plants under heavy metal stress
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2018
Fei Mao, Guanjun Nan, Meng Cao, Yuqiong Gao, Liying Guo, Xianxin Meng, Guangde Yang
Soybean [Glycine max (Linn.) Merrill] is a globally important agricultural crop, providing the most common vegetable oil and good-quality concentrated protein. Last year, the global soybean production was 313.31 million tons. This year's 338 estimated million tons could represent an increase of 24.69 million tons or a 7.88% in soybean production around the globe (USDA, 2016). Mung bean [Vigna radiate (Linn.) Wilczek] is popular in Asian cuisine, and rich in vitamins and minerals (Duh et al.1997, Lakhanpaul et al.2000, Randhir et al.2004). Seeds of soybean and mung bean have been globally used for many centuries to prepare a variety of fresh, fermented and dried foods (Gupta 2012, Lavado et al.2001, Singh et al.2005). In addition, soybean and mung bean seedlings as fresh vegetables are popular in Asian countries. The accumulation of elements, like heavy metals in soil, and the risk of their uptake by crops followed by their movement in the food chain is now a topic of great concern (Bansal et al.2002, Cataldo et al.1981). On the one hand, food consumption has been identified as the major source of metal exposure in humans. On the other hand, the transfer of heavy metals from soil to crops can be a possible approach to purify the polluted soil.
Isolation of bacteria with plant growth-promoting properties from microalgae-bacterial flocs produced in high-rate oxidation ponds
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Wiya L. Masudi, Yinka Titilawo, Taobat A. Keshinro, A. Keith Cowan
Mung bean, a Fabaceae plant, is one of many species of Phaseolus (e.g. P. aureus and P. radiatus) moved to the genus Vigna and, globally, a very important legume crop. Cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, mung bean is used for human food and as a green manure and livestock feed. Mung bean seeds are a good source of nutrients and are considered a substitute for meat in vegan and vegetarian dishes. Compared to some commonly grown crops, these legumes are among the most water efficient and have one of the smallest carbon footprints of any plant-based source of protein. In fact, they require less water and emit less CO2 to produce than many other row crops. From a research point of view, the mung bean rooting bioassay was developed as a sensitive and relatively specific bioassay for quantifying AR initiation in response to potential plant growth regulator substances with auxin-like activity [68]. The assay is also sensitive to exogenous auxins, and the number of root primordia formed is a function of auxin concentration [69]. Interestingly, while indole- and IAA-induced changes in hypocotyl fresh mass in the present work mirrored the AR response as reported for mung bean by Li et al. [70], the dry mass of both the hypocotyl explants and the AR formed was similar across all treatments. Thus, AR formation in mung bean exposed to exogenous auxin seems to occur independently of carbon, nitrogen and nutrient availability or acquisition at the explant level, and more so on auxin-induced cell de-differentiation, determination of root founder cells, differentiation of these founder root cells into AR, and establishment of sink strength as posited by Druege et al. [71].