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Novel Microbial Compounds as a Boon in Health Management
Published in Jyoti Ranjan Rout, Rout George Kerry, Abinash Dutta, Biotechnological Advances for Microbiology, Molecular Biology, and Nanotechnology, 2022
Shubha Rani Sharma, Rajani Sharma, Debasish Kar
Vitamins are vital substances that are classified into two categories—fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) and water-soluble (B and C). Humans are not able to synthesize most of the vitamins, so these vitamins can be considered to be essential vitamins that need to be supplemented from outside. Vitamins are micronutrients and are needed in minute quantities in the body but their role in metabolic activities is immense. Their deficiency can create havoc that can lead to unusual symptoms. Fat-soluble vitamins form a very important component of the cell membranes while the water-soluble vitamins prove to be essential for the activity of enzymes and work as cofactors. Instead of using the chemically synthesized vitamins which are also referred pseudo-vitamins, it is always a better option to use naturally synthesized vitamins by the microbes. The talent of certain microorganisms to manufacture vitamins can be exploited to replace the chemical production process of vitamins which prove to be expensive. These vitamins are being used to enrich the foods as well as in situ enrichment of fermented foods. Most of the probiotic bacteria from Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, bestow several health benefits to human beings one of them being vitamin production. They are capable of synthesizing vitamin K needed for blood clotting as well as B vitamins, like biotin, cobalamin, folates, etc. The application of a plethora of microbes for the biosynthesis of microbes is innumerable. Table 5.2 gives a vivid account of the various microorganisms and the vitamins synthesized by them.
Nanonutraceutical Delivery Systems
Published in Pradipta Ranjan Rauta, Yugal Kishore Mohanta, Debasis Nayak, Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine, 2019
Vitamins are widely consumed functional food supplements required for proper functioning and regulation of cellular metabolism. Vitamins act as cofactors and coenzymes which are involved in basic cellular metabolic reactions. These nutrients are included into a wide range of food products such as cereals, flours, bread, soy milk, salt, and formulated beverages. Food fortification and dietary manipulations to incorporate vitamins are commonly practiced to boost immunity and minimize the risk of chronic diseases. Thirteen different types of vitamins are broadly classified into water- and fat-soluble vitamins based on solubility characteristics. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are the fat-soluble vitamins. Water-soluble vitamins include vitamin C and the B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, folacin, cyanobalamin, pantothenic acid, and biotin).
Role of Encapsulation in Food Systems: A Review
Published in Deepak Kumar Verma, Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Nanotechnology and Nanomaterial Applications in Food, Health, and Biomedical Sciences, 2019
Farhan Saeed, Huma Bader-Ul-Ain, Muhammad Afzaal, Nazir Ahmad, Munawar Abbas, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria
Vitamins are the micronutrients essential for the normal growth and maintenance of body health.20 It has been confirmed through numerous research investigations that water-soluble vitamins including ascorbic acid, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, and folic acid are lost during food processing. In addition to these processing losses, vitamins can also be subjected to degradation by light, heat, oxygen, and pH in the presence of metal ions like Cu+2, Fe+2 and so on.19 These degradations can be minimized through encapsulation of vitamins.
Weekly Vitamin D3 supplementation improves aerobic performance in combat sport athletes
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2021
Andrew Marley, Marie Clare Grant, John Babraj
We demonstrate for the first time the impact of supraphysiological supplementation with vitamin D3 on aerobic performance outcomes in combat sports. The most effective dose examined is 50,000IU.week−1 and there is no advantage to increasing dose on performance measures. Given the magnitude of improvements seen in this study for both upper and lower body performance then supplementation with high dose vitamin D3 should be recommended to recreational combat athletes. However, vitamin D toxicity, although rare, can be life-threatening with symptoms including apathy, vomiting, polyuria, polydipsia, gastrointestinal cramps, elevated blood calcium and kidney damage (Marcinowska-Suchowierska, Kupisz-Urbańska, Łukaszkiewicz, Płudowski, & Jones, 2018). As such, supplementation should be undertaken under the guidance of a trained dietician. Nevertheless, it appears that six weeks of supplementation of up to 110,000IU’s is safe and causes no adverse effects with six weeks of 50,000IU’s of vitamin D supplementation recommended as optimal to reverse deficiency (Maughan et al, 2018) and convey performance benefits to recreational combat sport athletes.
Mechanistic links between vitamin deficiencies and diabetes mellitus: a review
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
Tajudeen O. Yahaya, AbdulRahman B. Yusuf, Jamilu K. Danjuma, Bello M. Usman, Yahaya M. Ishiaku
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble antioxidant that occurs naturally in several foods [16]. Vitamin A can be classified into two; preformed vitamin A (often called retinol) and pro-vitamin A (otherwise called beta-carotene) [17]. Retinol is found in fish, poultry, dairy products, and meat, while fruits and vegetables are the main sources of pro-vitamin A [17]. Vitamin A boosts antioxidant enzymes, supports immune functions, and regulates spermatogenesis and embryonic development [18,19]. Vitamin A also plays a role in cell growth and differentiation through its gene regulatory activities, maintenance of epithelial cell integrity, and antimicrobial activities [18,20].
An efficient technique for the purification of fulvic acid extracted from leonardite
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2023
Md. Zahidul Islam, Aynur Manzak, Yasemin Yıldız, Yavuz Derin, Raşit F. Yılmaz, M. Shahinuzzaman, Ahmet Tutar
Humic substances such as HAs, FAs, and humin are plentiful in leonardite, coal and peat bogs, but traditionally isolated fulvic acids are contaminated by unfavorable foreign particles and ions originating from humic substance sources. Unwanted elements like radioactive compounds and some heavy metals related to fulvic acids cause serious health problems like cancer and many other diseases. Excess vitamins, minerals, sodium and chloride ions are also harmful to our health. This phenomenon has forced us to develop suitable strategy for purifying FAs, which are biologically active, and a remedy for many health problems.