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Biodegradation of Lignin
Published in Jean-Luc Wertz, Magali Deleu, Séverine Coppée, Aurore Richel, Hemicelluloses and Lignin in Biorefineries, 2017
Jean-Luc Wertz, Magali Deleu, Séverine Coppée, Aurore Richel
Chemically and morphologically distinct types of decay result from attack of different microorganisms.4 Wood decay fungi are usually separated into three main groups, causing white, soft, or brown rot. Bacterial degradation of wood has also been reported including erosion, tunneling, and cavity formation.
A decade of plant-assisted microbial fuel cells: looking back and moving forward
Published in Biofuels, 2018
Roshan Regmi, Rachnarin Nitisoravut, Jaranaboon Ketchaimongkol
Monitoring plant health is an important field for plant scientists. Modelling of PMFCs varying in root biomass and number of healthy leaves in relation to the voltage generation given by the system will help to track what is going on in the plant. A recent study reported on wireless monitoring for plant health in PMFCs [42]. The most influential application of PMFC would be the manifestation of the role of plant pathogenic microbes in current generation. Does a bioelectrical system in the rhizosphere region help to deviate the microbes? Recently, in situ pathogen killing in an earthen material-operated MFC was reported [43]. Furthermore, white rot fungus, commonly known as wood decay fungus, was successfully used as a biocathode in an MFC [44]. Isolation of pathogenic strains from PMFCs and their role in relation to plant disease and current generation would add new genera in the field of plant science with an application of this technology.
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs): chemical fate, distribution, analytical methods and promising remediation strategies – a critical review
Published in Environmental Technology Reviews, 2023
Mridula Chaturvedi, Sam Joy, Rinkoo Devi Gupta, Sangeeta Pandey, Shashi Sharma
White rot fungi are filamentous wood-decay fungi capable of degrading lignin in wood. These belong to basidiomycetes and a few ascomycetes from the order Sphaeriales. The term ‘white-rot’ is derived because of the white appearance of the wood attacked by these fungi. White rot fungi are more commonly found on angiosperm than on gymnosperm wood species in nature [147]. Two decay patterns are produced by white rot fungi (i) Simultaneous decay – in this type of decay, all cell wall components, i.e. cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin are degraded simultaneously. (ii) Selective decay – in this type of decay pattern, lignin is degraded more or prior to hemicelluloses and cellulose [148]. White rot fungi have high tolerance to an ample range of environmental conditions, involving pH, nutrients and moisture content, and they can use lignocelluloses for growth, making them suitable for inoculation into contaminated soils. In addition, WRF also have advantages over autochthonous micro-organisms for improving the porosity and water-holding capacity of the soil and thus enabling total degradation of recalcitrant compounds. There are several processes involved in bioremediation of EDCs by WRF which are initiated either by ligninolytic enzymes or mycelial-bound redox systems, generating products such as free radicals in terms of proton gradient, which can further undergo enzyme-catalyzed oxidation or non-enzymatic transformations via the process of enzymatic combustion [149]. The ligninolytic enzyme system of white rot fungi is nonspecific with low-molecular-mass mediators that enhance the bioavailability of contaminants to WRF, whereas the intracellular mechanism of bacteria is poorly available to the pollutants, and their uptake may inhibit the bacterial growth [142]. White rot fungi can be grown on inexpensive agro-residues such as wheat straw, corncob, woodchips, sawdust, etc. and the fungus can eliminate EDCs by their adsorption on its biomass itself. There are also other mechanisms that contribute to biotransformation of EDCs, such as Fenton reactions and bio-surfactants produced by fungi. Some relevant species include Pleurotus ostreatus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Trametes versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum and Irpex lacteus [150]. The most efficient free and immobilized WRF whole-cell systems are highlighted in Table 4 and Table 5 to indicate their potential in EDCs degradation.