China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Ethanol
Published in Arumugam S. Ramadhas, Alternative Fuels for Transportation, 2016
Alan C. Hansen, Carroll E. Goering, Arumugam Sakunthalai Ramadhas
A desire to increase the use of ethanol fuel and a concern that high etha-nol concentrations could cause material compatibility problems led to the development of a new type of vehicle. The flexible fuel vehicle (FFV) can operate using various blends of alcohol in the range of 0 to 85% ethanol. A vehicle optimized for burning E85 could have been produced at lower cost than a FFV. However, the stoichiometric AFR is 9.8 for E85 and 15 for gasoline. These ratios are too far apart to allow an engine optimized for E85 to run on gasoline. The ability of the FFV to automatically adjust its AFR allows it to use any combination of gasoline-ethanol blends. Thus, the FFV can run on gasoline in locations where E85 is not available but helps to reduce the demand for petroleum fuels where E85 is available.
Renewable Energy Resources
Published in Julie Kerr, Introduction to Energy and Climate, 2017
Nearly all of the gasoline now sold in the United States is about 10 percent ethanol by volume. Any gasoline-powered engine in the United States can use E10 (gasoline with 10 percent ethanol), but only specific types of vehicles can use mixtures with fuel containing more than 10 percent ethanol. A flexible-fuel vehicle can use gasoline with ethanol content greater than 10 percent. The EPA ruled in October 2010 that cars and light trucks of model year 2007 and newer can use E15 (gasoline with 15 percent ethanol). E85, a fuel that contains 51 to 83 percent ethanol, depending on location and season, is mainly sold in the Midwest and can only be used in a flexible-fuel vehicle.
Progress in regulated emissions of ethanol-gasoline blends from a spark ignition engine
Published in Biofuels, 2021
Amit Kumar Thakur, Ajay Kumar Kaviti
Karavalakis et al. [4] carried out their investigation on a fleet of gasoline-powered light-duty vehicles ranging in model year from 1984 to 2007, and one flexible fuel vehicle (FFV) to analyze the regulated and unregulated emissions of all the vehicles using various ethanol blends. CARB (california air resources board) phase 2 certification fuels with 11% MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) content, CARB phase 3 certification fuels with 5.7% ethanol content, and E10, E20, E50, and E85 fuels were used during the investigation process.