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Control of Mobile Source Pollution
Published in Jeff Kuo, Air Pollution Control Engineering for Environmental Engineers, 2018
According to EPA, alternative fuels include gaseous fuel such as hydrogen, natural gas, and propane; alcohols such as ethanol, methanol, and butanol; vegetable and waste-derived oils, and electricity. They may be used in a dedicated system that burns a single fuel, or in a mixed system with other fuels including traditional gasoline or diesel, such as in hybrid-electric or flexible vehicles. Some of these alternative fuels are renewable fuels. Use of alternative fuels may or may not reduce emissions of air pollutants.
Introduction
Published in Tom Denton, Alternative Fuel Vehicles, 2018
The general definition of an ‘alternative fuel’ for a vehicle is one that is not produced from crude oil. However, this explanation can be blurred as some alternative fuels are mixed with petroleum base fuels and, further, some are derived from oil, but used in a different way. More about this later.
Air pollution and transport in China and India
Published in Junyi Zhang, Cheng-Min Feng, Routledge Handbook of Transport in Asia, 2018
Lei Yu, Guohua Song, Xumei Chen
Alternative fuels for vehicles refer to the replacements for conventional fuels such as diesel and gasoline. With the rapidly growing vehicle population and limited oil supplies, many governments around the world have sought to promote non-petroleum and often home-grown fuels as suitable alternatives.
Urea addition during hydrolysis for increased ethanol yield from white sweet potato: a promising strategy
Published in Biofuels, 2023
Muhamad Maulana Azimatun Nur, Chisya Ayu Puspitaweni, Maya Puspitasari, Faizah Hadi, Sri Wahyu Murni, Wibiana Wulan Nandari, Tutik Muji Setyoningrum
In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the production and use of liquid biofuels such as bioethanol and biodiesel as a better substitute for fossil fuels [1], while today’s fossil fuel reserves are gradually depleting. This condition compels many researchers to seek out renewable and sustainable energy alternatives in the future [2]. Alternative fuels are fuels that can be used to replace conventional fuels. Currently, alternative fuels, including biodiesel, biogas, and bioethanol, are being developed to meet the level of oil consumption [3]. The basic energy sources to be utilized are selected based on being environmentally friendly and renewable. Bioethanol is an environmentally friendly energy source, produced through a fermentation process from plants using microorganisms [4]. Sources of bioethanol raw materials can be cellulose sources (corn, cobs, bagasse, rice straw, cassava, etc.), sugar sources (coconut sap, sugar cane juice, molasses, and juice from other plants), and starch sources [5]. Currently, fossil-derived fuel is the primary source of fuel for transportation, contributing significantly to global warming (GHG) emissions [6]. Among the many possibilities, bioethanol is one of the most promising liquid biofuels for replacing gasoline and reducing its harmful effects on the environment and human health. The fermentation of carbohydrates is a quick biological process that has several benefits, including high energy yield and valuable byproducts that can be used to make this biofuel [7].
Synthesis and characterization of novel ethyl levulinate coupled N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine multifunctional additive: oxidation stability and lubricity improver in biodiesel
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Aman Kumar Bhonsle, Ekta Faujdar, Neha Rawat, Raj Kumar Singh, Jasvinder Singh, Jayati Trivedi, Neeraj Atray
The increasing demand for fossil fuels and, consequently, rapid depletion pose a big concern to the economy and energy security around the globe. However, fossil fuel plays a pivotal role in the transportation and industrial sectors but are limited and nonrenewable. The problem with fossil fuels involves environmental degradation like deforestation, ozone depletion, acidification, eutrophication, photochemical smog, and many health hazards (Chokkalingam et al. 2014). Moreover, fossil fuel emissions cause harmful gases like NOx, SOx, CO, and other volatile compounds like PM (particulate matter), thus creating environmental concerns (Kulkarni and Dalai 2006). There is a need for an alternative fuel to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and enhance sustainability, reliability, and energy security to overcome these problems. Over the years, biofuel has gained more attention to overcome the aforementioned problems. Biofuels like biodiesel are suitable for domestic, industrial, and transport sectors that augment the world economy due to its comparable diesel properties and other similar physicochemical properties.
Refuse-derived fuel for diesel engine utilizing waste transformer oil
Published in Biofuels, 2021
T. R. Preethivasani, T. Senthilkumar, M. Chandrasekar
Owing to an increase in the number of automotive vehicles, the demand for conventional petroleum fuels is increasing day by day. There are many conventional (petrol, diesel, etc.) and non-conventional sources (solar, wind, biomass, etc.) from which to produce energy. An alternative fuel is defined as a fuel that could be used in the place of conventional fuels (fossil or petroleum based). It is also known that such fuel does not entail just petroleum or diesel but has some additives blended with it. High levels of pollution, fuel economy and reuse of waste are some of the major reasons to opt for an alternative fuel. Also, there are many industrial or bio-medical wastes with recoverable calorific value, from which energy can be recovered [1]. The fuel thus obtained is known as refuse- derived fuel (RDF) [2].