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Heating systems
Published in F. Porges, HVAC Engineer's Handbook, 2013
Underfloor heating uses pipes embedded in the floor structure. The pipes carry hot water which can be provided by any of the usual sources. Heat is transferred from the pipes to the floor and the room or space is heated by low temperature radiation from the entire surface of the floor.
Cables, conductors and conduits
Published in Ray Tricker, Wiring Regulations in Brief, 2020
Underfloor heating is a very cost-effective way to warm a room because, unlike radiators, stoves or a traditional solid-fuel fire, it provides and distributes heat evenly and gently. There are no cold spots and very little heat is wasted.
Applying extended Kalman filters to adaptive thermal modelling in homes
Published in Advances in Building Energy Research, 2018
Muddasser Alam, Alex Rogers, James Scott, Kamran Ali, Frederik Auffenberg
We choose the living room for our study as (i) it is largely in use when the house is occupied and (ii) its thermal dynamics are particularly challenging owning to its physical properties and household activities. It has two doors and three windows as shown in Figure 1(c) and is equipped with underfloor heating (no radiators) and a fan heater that is occasionally used. The use of underfloor heating involves multiple heat transfer processes whereby heat is transferred from the source (i.e. hot-water pipes) to an intermediate thermal mass (i.e. floor) which then slowly leaks to its surroundings (e.g. air, ground, and house envelope). This process introduces thermal lags and additional leakages that must be taken into account, thus making this room interesting from a heating control perspective. In addition, the per-room-based heating in the adjacent rooms and the weather outside can affect the indoor and outdoor thermal leakage rates. Furthermore, occupants' activities can have substantial effects on the thermal dynamics of a building and examples of such events in our case include opening of a window-slit in the room as winter retreats or use of the fan heater. Taken together, these factors make this room a good example to consider the challenge of heating control in a family home.