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Self-Heating Conductive Cement-Based Nanomaterials
Published in Antonella D’Alessandro, Annibale Luigi Materazzi, Filippo Ubertini, Nanotechnology in Cement-Based Construction, 2020
E. Seva, O. Galao, F. J. Baeza, E. Zornoza, R. Navarro, P. Garcés
Electrical heating involves passing an electrical current through a resistance as a heating element. With respect to the heating of buildings and other structures, heating involves embedding heating elements in the materials used in the construction, such as concrete or gypsum. Materials used as heating elements are typically metal alloys, such as nickel-chrome. The metallic fibers are embedded in the structural material in order to attain heating through resistance. However, this procedure degrades the mechanical properties of the structural component, rendering difficult the repairing of the heating elements. Moreover, embedding these elements in the structural components results in non-uniform heating as it is limited to selected areas. The non-uniform heating worsens due to the poor thermal conductivity of structural materials. A conductive cementitious material, by the addition of a carbon-based material, can be used as a resistor—the Joule effect—and, therefore, as a heating element. There is no need to embed fibers in a structural element, which, in turn, minimizes the aforementioned problems. The resistivity of conventional concrete is too high to provide effective electric resistance heating; however, by the addition of carbon-based materials, such as carbon fibers, it is possible to reduce the electrical resistivity to adequate levels.
Electric Power Management
Published in Larry E. Erickson, Gary Brase, Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Improving Air Quality, 2019
One of the issues with hydrogen is product safety. Some potential applications, such as a home burning of hydrogen in a furnace, may not be popular because of safety issues. Electric heating has already been developed and is used in many locations; it is considered to be a very safe way to heat a building.
Electrical resistive heating characterization of conductive hybrid staple spun yarns
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2020
Amir Shahzad, Abdul Jabbar, Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Bilal Qadir, Zuhaib Ahmad
Electric heating effect in an electric heating element is resulted due to release of electric energy in the form of heat up to some extent depending on the resistance of the electric circuit and electric current flowing through it. Greater the resistance of conductor or current flowing through it, higher will be the heating effect called electric current heating effect. According to Joule’s equation (H = I2Rt), the heat generation in any conductive material is directly proportional to square of current, linear resistance and the time for which the current is passed from the resistive heating element. While at fixed resistance of conductor, the current “I” is function of voltage applied according to the Ohm’s law (V = IR). Since conversion of electrical energy into heat energy per unit time, called power, is determined as P = I2R. It means that if the resistance of material is lower, it will allow the material to pass more current and in the case of higher resistance, this factor will resist more electric charges to pass through the electrical heating element producing more heat.
Performance evaluation of a hybrid heating system combined a groundwater source heat pump with an existing fuel oil heater for a horticultural greenhouse
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2022
Meili Zhou, Fei Cai, Masahisa Uenishi, Yasumasa Sekine
Light, temperature, humidity, gas, and soil are five important factors in the growth of horticultural crops, among which the temperature is one of the most basic conditions (Graamans et al. 2018; Rouphael et al. 2012). The temperature in greenhouses can be relatively conveniently and flexibly controlled and adjusted to meet the environmental needs of crops. Heating greenhouses is an important aspect of temperature regulation because if the temperature was significantly low in winter, the greenhouses would need heating to maintain the normal growth and development of crops. The main heating methods of greenhouses at present are hot water heating, steam heating, hot air heating, radiation heating, and so forth (Ahamed, Guo and Tanino 2019; Sethi et al. 2013). Greenhouse heating accounts for 65–85% of facility horticulture energy consumption (Banaeian, Omid, and Ahmadi 2011; Omid et al. 2011). The traditional heat sources, commonly used to heat greenhouses, are fossil fuels or electricity. The high cost of electric heating usually reduces seriously the economic benefits of facility horticulture, and electric heating also indirectly consumes a lot of fossil energy, which still emits greenhouse gases. In Japan, the total construction area of horticultural facilities reaches to 42,164 ha, of which 17,388 ha are equipped with heating facilities, and 15,576 ha use petroleum fuel for heating. The fuel oil used for heating horticultural facilities accounted for 45% of fossil fuel used in agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sectors, and greenhouse effect gases emitted from facility horticultures have increased by 219% compared with 1990 in Japan (Oikawa 2007).
Experimental Analysis of Partially Premixed Charge in a Diesel Engine with Jatropha Oil Methyl Ester and Diesel Blends
Published in Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal, 2019
The pilot injector is used to supply secondary fuel works by means of the signal from the rocker ram. The opening and closing of the pilot injector for supplying the secondary fuel depends upon the position of the rocker arm, which depends upon the position of the piston inside the combustion chamber. The air is heated to a temperature of 80°C before it is sent into the combustion chamber. The primary fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber without heating. In the case of the secondary fuel supply, the fuel is heated before entering the inlet manifold. The heating is done by an electrical heating arrangement. The secondary fuel is supplied into the combustion chamber in the suction stroke. The exhaust gas is analyzed by means of a five-gas analyzer to measure the HC, CO, and NOx present in the exhaust gas. The exhaust gas temperature and smoke contents are measured by means of the thermocouple and smoke meter respectively. The primary fuel, secondary fuel, and air quantity are measured before they enter the combustion chamber. The experiments have been conducted in the following modes: Diesel conventional modeBio-diesel conventional mode25% D PCCI - D mode: 25% Diesel (manifold injection)—Diesel (main injection)25% D PCCI and 20% JOME mode: 25% Diesel (manifold injection) - 20% Jatropha Methyl Ester and 80% Diesel blend (main injection)25% JOME PCCI - JOME: 25% Bio-diesel (manifold injection) - 20% Jatropha Methyl Ester and 80% Diesel blend (main injection)