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Natural Ventilation
Published in James Jones, Demetri Telionis, Aeroform, 2023
ASHRAE Standard 55, Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy [6] states that “thermal comfort is a state of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal conditions in a space.” The standard suggests that thermal comfort is primarily the result of six factors: activity and metabolic rate, insulating value of clothing, air temperature, humidity, mean radiant temperature, and air speed. At least three of these factors are relevant for natural ventilation: air temperature, humidity, and air speed.
Thermal Comfort
Published in Neha Gupta, Gopal Nath Tiwari, Photovoltaic Thermal Passive House System, 2022
Thermal comfort is a condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment. Due to its subjectivity, thermal comfort is different for every individual and every region because of a particular way of living like food habits, clothing, etc.
Reid’s short-lived experiments in the House of Commons: 1852–54
Published in Henrik Schoenefeldt, Rebuilding the Houses of Parliament, 2020
Thermal comfort is affected by a number of environmental factors including radiant temperature, relative humidity and air movement. However, up to this time, only air temperature data was routinely collected, whilst relative humidity only began to be routinely collected in December 1853.40 The physicians Neil Arnott – who had been commissioned by Thomas Wakley in 1837 to independently evaluate Reid’s system for the temporary House of Commons (see Chapter 3) – and John Leslie, who jointly reviewed Reid’s monitoring system, argued that air temperature measurements on their own were not sufficient to fully understand MPs’ experience, in particular the effect of air currents on their thermal comfort.41
The role of alternative fuel buses in the transition period of public transport electrification in Europe: a lifecycle perspective
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2023
Chaoru Lu, Dong-Fan Xie, Xiao-Mei Zhao, Xiaobo Qu
Human thermal comfort is highly dependent on the thermal insulation in clothing (Oǧulata, 2007). Pala and Oz and Velt and Daanen propose the HVAC design methods considered human thermal comfort (Pala & Oz, 2015; Velt & Daanen, 2017). In this study, we assume that the desired temperature in the bus cabin satisfied the human thermal comfort of passengers. Therefore, based on the theoretical work developed by Huang (2007) and Oǧulata Oǧulata (2007), the thermal comfortable temperature of passengers and the desired temperature in the bus cabin is formulated as follows: where is the coefficient of radiative heat transfer; is Stefan–Boltzmann constant, which is 5.67 × 10−8 W/m2 K4(Huang, 2007); is the mean skin temperature (°C); is the coefficient of convective heat transfer; and is the the intrinsic insulation value.
Review of practices for human thermal comfort in buildings: present and future perspectives
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
Sunil Kumar Sansaniwal, Jyotirmay Mathur, Sanjay Mathur
ASHRAE 55 is an exclusively designed thermal comfort standard widely used for the assessment of indoor thermal environment of different dwelling forms and types. It defines the acceptable range of conditions to majority of occupants (> 80%) exposed to the same environmental conditions. Whereas the specific dissatisfaction limit depends on the sources of local discomfort (ASHRAE 55 2013). Thus, the individual differences in preference may lead to individual dissatisfaction in the space meeting the standard criteria. However, the standard has limited scope and does not cover the effect of extreme and non-thermal environment on occupant’s health (Olesen and Brager 2004). Thermal comfort is the state of mind that expresses satisfaction with thermal environment and depends on the personal and ambient parameters. The ASHRAE 55-2004 specifies the estimated values of clothing insulation and metabolic rate as presented in Tables 3 and 4, respectively.
Prediction indoor thermal comfort in traditional houses of Shiraz with PMV/PPD model
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
Jalil Shaeri, Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad
The data of predicted mean vote were then used to calculate thermal comfort indices, namely the predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD). The maximum acceptable level of dissatisfaction is considered to be 20%, which is highlighted in the PPD diagram (Figure 15). The predicted percentage of dissatisfaction during Spring and Autumn is inside the highlighted zone, and during the rest of the year, it is higher. It means that Talar is located on a suitable face of the central courtyard and the south side is a suitable space for living because the south side is in the shadow of the veranda and also in the direction of the prevailing wind, which helps to improve the indoor comfort level. On the other hand, the Talar room is not a suitable place for cold seasons because it is in the shade and lack of direct sunlight, which makes the PPD rate very high at this time of year.