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Filtration
Published in Pau Loke Show, Chien Wei Ooi, Tau Chuan Ling, Bioprocess Engineering, 2019
Shir Reen Chia, Winn Sen Lam, Wei Hon Seah, Pau Loke Show
Filtration is widely used in our daily lives. Most air filters are used in heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to control the internal air flow and indoor air quality. Indoor air conditioning not only provides comfort to the occupants of a room by cooling down the room’s environment but also purifies the air inside the room. Modern air-conditioning systems contain air filters that are an integral part of removing microorganisms, particulates, and even ozone in the air (Zhao et al., 2007; Yu et al., 2009). A previous study has demonstrated that particle air filtration in air-conditioning systems bring significantly larger benefits than the operating costs involved (Bekö et al., 2008). This is because cleaner indoor air decreases the risk of disease and improves the mortality rates of the occupants.
Heating Ventilation and Air-Conditioning Systems for Energy-Efficient Buildings
Published in Amritanshu Shukla, Atul Sharma, Sustainability through Energy-Efficient Buildings, 2018
Karunesh Kant, Amritanshu Shukla, Atul Sharma
HVAC systems control the indoor temperature, moisture content in the air and quality of air to the buildings to a set of selected conditions. A typical air HVAC system is shown in Figure 9.2. To accomplish this, the systems require transfer of the heat and moistness into and out of the air in addition to controlling the air pollutants level, by either directly removing them or by diluting them to tolerable levels. The heating systems increase the temperature in a space to compensate for heat losses concerning the interior space and outside. The ventilation systems supply air to space and extract contaminated air from it. The cooling of air available in the space is required to get the temperature down where heat gains have risen due to the presence of people, equipment, or the sun and are affecting human discomfort. HVAC systems differ extensively in terms of size and the functions they perform. Some systems are large and central to the building services; these were probably designed when the building was initially commissioned and use ventilation to deliver heating and cooling. Other systems may provide heating through boilers and radiators, with some limited ventilation to provide fresh air or cooling to confident portions of the building such as conference rooms.
The many faces of the intelligent building
Published in Edward Finch, Guillermo Aranda-Mena, Creating Emotionally Intelligent Workspaces, 2019
Edward Finch, Guillermo Aranda-Mena
Intelligent buildings were initially conceived as ‘technical fixes’ to remedy all of our workplace comfort requirements. But this was often achieved at the expense of profligate energy consumption. So-called smart buildings were part of the problem rather than the solution. HVAC is a key part of an intelligent building that ensures thermal comfort and indoor air quality. The cooling demands of modern-day offices have an increasingly marked effect on the global demand for electricity. The energy they consume is likely to triple between now and 2050 in response to an increasingly warm planet. By 2050, the world’s air conditioners are likely to consume the current electricity capacity of the USA, the European Union and Japan combined (Baraniuk 2018).
Investigation of maximum cooling loss in a piping network using Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo method
Published in Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 2019
Pei Huang, Godfried Augenbroe, Gongsheng Huang, Yongjun Sun
Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems are widely used in modern buildings to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality and represent the largest primary-energy end-use. A properly sized HVAC system will provide the desired level of thermal comfort and a highly efficient use of energy and economic resources. Due to a lack of knowledge and accurate information about load conditions (such as weather conditions and internal gain) and the properties of HVAC components (such as leakage and thermal conduction), uncertainty exists in the design of HVAC systems and may easily lead to the improper selection of HVAC system sizes. Improper sizing can lead to inadequate thermal comfort (when under-sized) or unnecessarily high energy use and costs (when oversized). In fact, oversizing of HVAC systems is very common, and some systems are even oversized by more than 100% (Djunaedy et al. 2011; Felts and Bailey 2000). Therefore, uncertainty should be considered at the design stage of HVAC systems.
Digital Twin of HVAC system (HVACDT) for multiobjective optimization of energy consumption and thermal comfort based on BIM framework with ANN-MOGA
Published in Advances in Building Energy Research, 2023
Haidar Hosamo, Mohsen Hosamo Hosamo, Henrik Kofoed Nielsen, Paul Ragnar Svennevig, Kjeld Svidt
A chiller and a heater are installed in the building utilized in this study to provide chilled and hot water for variable air volume (VAV) systems. Using the air handling unit (AHU), the fresh air is circulated and leaves through the exhaust system. The cooling and heating load automatically controls the VAV system. Figure 3 depicts a schematic representation of HVAC. This schematic depicts the proposed artificial neural network (ANN) models and their interactions with the rest of the system. The HVAC system is composed of the following components: return and supply fans, outside, discharge, and recirculation dampers, an air handling unit (AHU) with filter and cooling and heating coils, pressure-independent VAV terminal boxes, and local-loop controllers.
Development of an office tenant electricity use model and its application for right-sizing HVAC equipment
Published in Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 2019
William O’Brien, Aly Abdelalim, H. Burak Gunay
The objective of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems in buildings is to provide a comfortable and healthy indoor environment. This entails providing fresh outdoor air and then ensuring that all sensible and latent heat gains and losses are sufficiently balanced to maintain indoor conditions within an acceptable range for occupants. In older buildings and detached residential buildings (i.e. envelope load-dominated buildings) – and particularly non-temperate climates – the dominant consideration for HVAC design tends to be the heat transfer through the envelope. Accordingly, traditional load calculation methods and tools focused on subjecting a mathematical building model to expected weather conditions (Burdick 2011).