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Analytical Modelling of HVAC-IoT Systems with the Aid of UVGI and Solar Energy Harvesting
Published in Deepti Agarwal, Kimmi Verma, Shabana Urooj, Energy Harvesting, 2023
Shafeeq Ahmad, Md. Toufique Alam, Mohammad Bilal, Osama Khan, Mohd Zaheen Khan
To maintain acceptable indoor air conditions and heat comfort, standard ventilation systems must be designed to amalgamate interior-contaminated air by bringing in clean air from the outdoors. In general, ventilation systems are classified into two types based on their working forces: natural ventilation and forced ventilation. The former is generally used as a backup because of difficulty in creating steady wind pressure. In order to fulfil indoor air quality standards, mechanical ventilation regulation is primarily used to improve the pollutant removal process. Suggested mechanical ventilation solutions may vary from standard air supply techniques, like before-hand amalgamation ventilation, displaced ventilation, subsurface air circulation, and individualised ventilation. The removal effectiveness of internal air contaminants relies on the ventilation or circulation pattern in the context of heat and ventilation.
Literature study on ventilation and Air Conditioning (AC) systems associated with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Published in Ratri Wulandari, Idhar Resmadi, Vika Haristianti, Rahmiati Aulia, Riky Taufik Afif, Gema Ari Prahara, Aulia Ibrahim Yeru, Dynamics of Industrial Revolution 4.0: Digital Technology Transformation and Cultural Evolution, 2021
I. Sudarisman, M. Mustafa, M.H.M. Isa, F.A. Birwaz
One of the air exchanges in the building can occur through ventilation. Ventilation can be divided into three types: natural, mechanical, and hybrid ventilation (mixed mode). Natural ventilation utilizes openings in buildings and climatic/environmental conditions, mechanical ventilation utilizes technology (e.g., fans and exhaust), while hybrid ventilation combines both (World Health Organization 2009). Natural ventilation has several weaknesses that can be a facilitator of airborne disease transmission, namely (World Health Organization 2009):Natural ventilation is very dependent on climatic conditions and the environment around where the building is located, consequently natural ventilation can be optimally applied in one location but is very difficult to apply in other locations.It is difficult to obtain a stable air condition inside the building through natural ventilation, for example due to changes in the difference in air pressure between outside and inside the building.Natural ventilation can experience various problems such as environmental conditions around buildings that are not conducive, equipment damage (when using technology on hybrid types), poor system planning, poor maintenance, and operation so that it cannot function properly.
Heating and Ventilating Systems
Published in Samuel C. Sugarman, HVAC Fundamentals, 2020
In occupied buildings carbon dioxide, human odors and other contaminants such as volatile organic compounds (VOC) or odors and particles from machinery and other process functions need to be continuously removed or unhealthy conditions will result. Ventilation is the process of supplying “fresh” outside air to occupied buildings in the proper amount to offset the contaminants produced by people and equipment.
Performance analysis of transparent BIPV/T double skin façades integrated with the decision-making algorithm for mixed-mode building ventilation
Published in Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 2023
Prapavee Karunyasopon, Dong Yoon Park, Duc Minh Le, Seongju Chang
Mixed-mode ventilation or hybrid ventilation in buildings utilizes a combination of natural ventilation and a mechanical system (HVAC). In automatic control systems, sensors, and window actuators, along with control algorithms, respond to outdoor and indoor space conditions in real-time. Natural ventilation provides passive cooling or passive heating by introducing fresh air to the cavity or an indoor space. However, there are weather constraints and environmental conditions that must be factored in when applying natural ventilation mode (Chen et al., 2018). Mechanical systems can be shifted to operate when natural ventilation mode is not sufficient or suitable. With its reduction of mechanical fan use, mixed-mode ventilation can create sustainable buildings, diminish energy demand, and save energy costs, while maintaining thermal comfort for occupants (Berkeley, 2018). Even though natural ventilation is a preferable operation mode, not all periods and climates are advantageous for this ventilation strategy. Therefore, the optimum control achieved by the mixed-mode ventilation strategy is needed to maintain an adequate level of indoor air quality and avoid building tendencies to overheat (CIBSE, 2005).
Evaluation of building arrangement on natural ventilation potential in ideal building arrays
Published in Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2023
Zhong Yawen, Yin Wei, Li Yonghan, Hao Xiaoli, Zhang Shaobo, Han Qiaoyun, Duan Shuangping
Building energy-saving technologies can improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions, among which natural ventilation is an effective means. Natural ventilation can improve indoor air quality and reduce air conditioning energy consumption. (Wang et al. 2022; Zhang et al. 2022) Its driving forces are divided into buoyancy (Wei et al. 2010) and wind pressure ventilations. (Zhang et al. 2021) The potential for wind pressure ventilation is mainly determined by climatic conditions and building design; the latter includes building height, density, and arrangement. (Yin et al. 2010) In this study, we discuss the effect of building arrangement on the natural ventilation potential (VP) of wind pressure. There are three main research methods for building wind environments: field tests, wind tunnel experiments, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
The role of design parameters on the performance of diffuse ceiling ventilation systems – thermal comfort analyses for indoor environment
Published in Advances in Building Energy Research, 2022
Parastoo Sadeghian, Samira Rahnama, Alireza Afshari, Sasan Sadrizadeh
Buildings are expected to provide satisfying indoor environments for the occupants. Thermal comfort is an important design criterion for indoor environmental quality that affects occupants’ comfort, productivity, and well-being (Bakhtiari et al., 2020; Humphreys et al., 2007). According to the World Health Organization, thermal comfort is a situation in which occupants are satisfied with the indoor thermal condition that can affect their physical, mental and social health conditions (World Health Organization, 1999). The ventilation system of a building is designed to control indoor air quality and provide a thermally comfortable environment (Gomes et al., 2021; Yuan et al., 2022). Thus, careful design and analysis of the factors that affect indoor thermal comfort is a key point to achieving a satisfying thermal condition for the occupants.