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Constructions and related matters relevant to environmental health
Published in Stephen Battersby, Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health, 2023
John Bryson, Stephen Battersby
These are increasingly being installed in the domestic setting, but air conditioning is found in offices, shops and other commercial buildings. Air conditioning is the process of cooling indoor air to provide thermal comfort. This is particularly used in warm climates, and increasingly used in the UK in offices and domestic premises in periods of hot weather. It has been used commonly where there is need to maintain constant cool temperatures such as in hospitals or other business premises, to counter the elevated temperatures where computing facilities contribute to the elevated indoor temperature. Air conditioning is also found on many modes of public transport. In its broadest sense, the term can refer to any form of cooling, heating, ventilation, humidification (or dehumidification) or disinfection that modifies the indoor air. There are several stages or elements to a simple air-conditioning system.
Boiler Operator's Handbook
Published in Carl Bozzuto, Boiler Operator's Handbook, 2021
Normally, air conditioning is thought of as cooling the air in a space, a room, or building. More appropriately, air conditioning should be considered to be the heating or cooling, plus adding or removing moisture, and removing airborne contaminants from the space to maintain conditions in that space that are comfortable for the occupants. That definition covers more than what is typically thought of. In many zoos around the country, there are spaces where the conditions are not necessarily comfortable for humans but are enjoyed by the occupants. With few exceptions, air conditioning is accomplished by removing air from the space, altering its conditions, and then returning it to the space, where it is mixed with the air in the space to produce the comfortable conditions for the occupants.
Evolving Power System Technologies and Considerations
Published in Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo, Brian W. Fardo, Electrical Power Systems Technology, 2021
Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo, Brian W. Fardo
Surprisingly, the best methodology to improve the efficiency of a heating or cooling system is perhaps one of the simplest and frequently the least expensive regular maintenance. Changing of filters, lubricating equipment, sealing duct, and cabinet leaks are all included in maintenance of the system. A dirty air filter in a forced air system could rob as much as 1/5 of the energy from the system. The amount of maintenance needed by systems vary, but manufacturer recommendations should be followed, and it is recommended that a heating and air-conditioning contractor clean and inspect the unit annually.
Effect of geometry and operational parameters on the dehumidification performance of a desiccant coated heat exchanger
Published in Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2022
Tomas Venegas, Ming Qu, Kashif Nawaz, Lingshi Wang
Air conditioning systems remove heat and control air humidity in building spaces to generate a comfortable indoor environment. The typical air conditioning system is a vapor compression system (VCS), which cools the air below its dew point temperature to remove the moisture through condensation. Such dehumidification process requires overcooling to reduce air temperature below the human comfort temperature. Then, VCS must reheat air to comfort temperature before being delivered to indoor space. The need for overcooling and later reheating makes the system energy-inefficient. Researchers have studied solid desiccant-based dehumidification (SDD) as a more energy-efficient alternative to VCSs (Ge, Dai, and Wang 2011). SDDs adsorb air moisture by using solid desiccant dehydration without the need for overcooling and reheating.
The potential for energy savings in U.S. houses by using isothermal dehumidification
Published in Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2021
Gregory P. Thiel, Christopher Atkinson
The function of an air conditioning (AC) system is to provide thermal comfort by sensible cooling and dehumidification. One significant source of inefficiency in traditional vapor compression (VC) systems is their inherent coupling of cooling and dehumidification. Because dehumidification in VC systems is effected by condensation, the entire throughput (i.e., mass flow) of air must be cooled below the dew point to dehumidify that air, even in cases where such decreases in dry-bulb temperature are not required for thermal comfort. In some cases, this process simply yields overcooling. In cases where a post-dehumidification reheat is employed to increase the dry-bulb temperature, energy is wasted. By avoiding this overcooling or reheat step, systems that dehumidify isothermally can save energy.
A sustainable approach to improve the efficiency of earth pipe cooling system
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2020
Mahdi-Ul- Ishtiaque, Parnab Saha, Amit Sutradhar, Musanna Galib, Mohammed Abdul Hannan
Air conditioning by vapour compression and vapour absorption is widely used all over the world for industrial and residential thermal comfort (Wang 2000). However, this extensively used vapour compression system requires high-grade energy consumption, and with the rapid growth of the population, the demand for energy is also increasing drastically. Besides, the depletion of the ozone layer by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which is highly related to the air conditioning systems is accelerating global warming and thereby posing threats to humankind’s existence (Bolaji and Huan 2013). Significant efforts are now being placed all over the world to develop efficient, environmentally friendly and cost-effective air conditioning and refrigeration system. Zero energy building is such a concept attaining success all over the world for sustainable energy management of a building these days (Torcellini et al. 2006).