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Some thoughts and studies on the prediction of slope stability in expansive soils
Published in H. Rahardjo, D.G. Toll, E.C. Leong, Unsaturated Soils for Asia, 2020
As discussed in the previous sections, the fundamental cause of landslides in expansive soils is the variation of moisture content in the soils. In turn, the variations of moisture content are mainly caused by changes in climatic conditions. Based on these, a line of thoughts for establishing a simple early warning system is developed and illustrated in Figure 2. The line of thoughts consists mainly of two chains. The left chain is for applications in general unsaturated soils whereas the right one with the assistant from the left chain, may be suitable for unsaturated expansive soils. From this figure, it implies that moisture (or degree of saturation) may be selected to be one of the key indices for the establishment of an early warning system.
Moisture modeling and durability assessment of building envelopes
Published in Jan L.M. Hensen, Roberto Lamberts, Building Performance Simulation for Design and Operation, 2019
Aytaç Kubilay, Xiaohai Zhou, Dominique Derome, Jan Carmeliet
Under environmental loadings, excessive moisture accumulation can occur in building envelopes and may lead to structural damage, mold growth, decrease of thermal resistance of building materials and degradation of indoor air quality. For a specific problem, building designers need to use the specific moisture conditions of a climate location or region to assess correctly the durability of the building envelope. Numerical hygrothermal models are useful tools to assess long-term heat and moisture performance of wall assemblies and predict the risk of moisture damage. However, hygrothermal models need representative climatic data including rainfall, air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, longwave radiation, wind speed, and velocity as inputs. A common approach is to determine a reference year from available long-term climatic data. We propose a method for selecting a moisture reference year in the section “Application example: selecting a moisture reference year for hygrothermal simulations.”
Force-System Resultants and Equilibrium
Published in Richard C. Dorf, The Engineering Handbook, 2018
Humidity and moisture measurements are very important in agricultural applications and international food commodity trading. Moisture is the amount of water, in some cases the amount of liquid, in materials. The presence of moisture in a gas is termed as humidity. The absolute humidity of a gas is the mass of water per unit mass of gas. The maximum humidity that can be attained is called the saturation humidity. The saturation humidity heavily depends on temperature. For many purposes, relative humidity is important. The relative humidity is the ratio of absolute humidity to saturation humidity at a particular temperature.
Experimental investigation on air dehumidification performance of metal organic frameworks and its application potential for solid desiccant air conditioning systems
Published in Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2023
Jinzhe Nie, Yuxin Pang, Jilei Liu, Xiangrui Kong, Han Zhang
Humidity control has always been a vital part of people’s daily life and industrial manufacturing process. Excessive moisture causes moisture-damage in building stocks, affects occupants’ health, such as upper and lower respiratory (Nordberg et al. 2022). The application of desiccant materials is an effective way to achieve humidity control (Zu, Qin, and Cui 2020). Desiccants can be generally classified into the liquid and solid phase. Some commonly used liquid desiccants comprise lithium chloride, lithium bromide and calcium chloride, whereas solid desiccants include activated carbon, silica gel, alumina, zeolite etc. (Qi, Dong, and Zhang 2020). Solid desiccant air conditioning (SDAC) systems gradually exhibits great application prospect due to its strong dehumidification ability (Cui et al. 2018; Liang et al. 2020, 2021; Rafique, Gandhidasan, and Bahaidarah 2016).
Characteristics of straw particles of selected grain species purposed for the production of lignocellulose particleboards
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2021
Dorota Dukarska, Marta Pędzik, Wiktoria Rogozińska, Tomasz Rogoziński, Rafał Czarnecki
The grain species of straw strongly affects properties of lignocellulose particleboards, which results from different geometry of the particles. In comparison with rapeseed boards, panels made from rye and triticale straw are characterized by lower values of internal bond perpendicular to the surface determined both before and after the boil test. On the other hand though, they show higher values of modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity as well as better dimensional stability when exposed to long-lasting action of water. Properties of the material are also affected by its moisture content. By increasing the moisture content of rapeseed particles, it is possible to improve modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity. Yet, in the given pressing conditions, the water-resistance determined by V-100 test is deteriorated. The moisture content of straw does not, however, affect internal bond perpendicular to the board surface or thickness swelling after 24 h of soaking in water.
Landslide susceptibility mapping by attentional factorization machines considering feature interactions
Published in Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2021
Lei-Lei Liu, Can Yang, Fa-Ming Huang, Xiao-Mi Wang
Micro-geomorphology refers to the landform with relatively small scales, which will affect groundwater level, groundwater distribution, surface runoff, and vegetation type, thereby affecting the development of landslides. Weiss (2001) divided micro-geomorphology into 10 categories, but this study adopts 8 categories, as shown in Figure 3(e). Slope position refers to the geomorphic position of the slope surface. Many physical and biological processes acting on the landscape are highly correlated with slope position (Weiss 2001). The slope position of a grid unit is judged by using the difference between the elevation of the grid unit and the average elevation of a certain number of grid units around it, in combination with the slope degree of the grid unit. Slope position is divided into six groups: ridge, upper slope, middle slope, flats slope, lower slope, and valleys, as shown in Figure 3(f). Figure 3(g) shows the distribution of TWI in the study area, which represents the influence of topographic features on the spatial distribution of soil water. The moisture content and distribution in the soil will affect the soil and vegetation on the surface of slopes, and thus affecting landslide occurrence.