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Hydronic Distribution Equipment and Systems
Published in T. Agami Reddy, Jan F. Kreider, Peter S. Curtiss, Ari Rabl, Heating and Cooling of Buildings, 2016
T. Agami Reddy, Jan F. Kreider, Peter S. Curtiss, Ari Rabl
In Chapter 11 (Section 11.2), the three generic types of secondary systems were described. Hydronic (also called all-water) systems were historically the first type to evolve, followed by all-air systems (discussed in Chapter 19), and then by air–water systems (discussed in Chapter 20). In recent years, new secondary systems designs have been developed, which modify air–water systems into hybrid systems so as to improve energy efficiency and enhance indoor air quality (also addressed in Chapter 20). Hydronic systems are those wherein the space cooling (or heating) function is performed by chilled water (or hot water) circulated from a central cooling plant (or boiler plant) to heat exchangers or terminal units located in, or immediately adjacent to, the conditioned space. Heat is finally transferred to the room air either by natural convection or forced convection via fans or blowers. Water is an excellent medium to transport heat. It has high specific heat, which is nontoxic, inexpensive, and readily available. It is an energy-efficient transport medium for heat at varying temperature levels by altering the pressure as well as for coolth (with addition of antifreeze such as glycol if temperatures lower than freezing are required).
Boilers and Fired Systems
Published in Stephen A. Roosa, Steve Doty, Wayne C. Turner, Energy Management Handbook, 2020
Boilers are generally divided into two categories based on heat transfer fluids: steam (vaporized water) or hydronic (hot water). Steam boilers deliver the most energy to the end use in the form of latent heat energy (the heat of vaporization). Steam is supplied from the boiler to a heat exchanger where the heat energy is transferred as the steam condenses. The condensate is returned to the boiler to repeat the cycle. Hot-water (hydronic) boilers deliver heat energy to the end use in the form of a change in water temperature across the heat exchanger.
Addendum
Published in Samuel C. Sugarman, Testing and Balancing HVAC Air and Water Systems, 2020
Hydronics is the use of water as the heat transfer medium in heating and cooling systems. A hydronic pipe system may include both chilled- and heated-water pipe loops to provide air conditioning and heating to the conditioned space. Chillers and cooling towers cool water, boilers heat water. The piping circuit, pumps, control valves, coil pressure drop and design temperatures, and chiller or boiler pressure drops and design temperatures affect system water flow and inherent balance.
Interface heat transfer for hydronic heating: heating tests of concrete blocks and numerical simulations
Published in Experimental Heat Transfer, 2023
Gang Lei, Teng Li, Omid Habibzadeh-Bigdarvish, Xinbao Yu
Hydronic heating has been widely used for various structures to meet the heating demand, such as hydronic floor heating systems for buildings [10–12] and hydronic pavements/bridges for snow/ice melting [13, 14]. Hydronic heating consists of hydronic pipes with heat transfer carrier fluid and heat is transferred from the pipe to the host structures, including concrete walls, pavements, and bridge slabs. Currently, existing hydronic heating designs are primarily employed for new structures where hydronic loops, which are considered internal heating, are embedded in the concrete during construction [14–16]. An alternative external hydronic heating system has been gradually developed in recent years, especially for bridge deck deicing, in which hydronic loops are attached to the bottom of the bridge deck and encapsulated in a layer of spray foam to heat existing bridge decks under severe winter events [13, 17–19].
Above-floor tube-and-plate radiant floor model development and validation
Published in Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 2018
S.A. Brideau, I. Beausoleil-Morrison, M. Kummert
Hydronic radiant floor heating and cooling have the advantage of using milder water temperatures than other types of heating or cooling systems. Energy savings can result from these milder water temperatures because the heating (or cooling) generation equipment can usually perform more efficiently and because low-temperature solar systems can be utilized. Additionally, radiant floors allow for milder air temperatures to be maintained in the space while maintaining acceptable comfort levels. To be able to accurately predict the performance of hydronic radiant floor systems, accurate models are required.