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Cartridge Filtration
Published in Michael J. Matteson, Clyde Orr, Filtration, 2017
Tadeusz Jaroszczyk, Barry M. Verdegan, Kendall McBroom
Pleated elements (Figs. 9c, d, h, j, and k) are widely used for oil and air filtration. Filter media, such as cellulose paper, non woven fabrics, or flat membranes, can be pleated and oriented around a supporting center tube. Panel air filters are also often pleated; however, in this case the medium is supported by flat screen or perforated metal. The ends of the medium are typically held in end caps by an adhesive (plastisol or epoxy). When properly installed in a filter housing, the end caps and associated gasketing form a pressure seal against the housing’s sealing plates (refer to Section II, A).
Permeable membrane dewatering of faecal sludge from pit latrines at a transfer station in Nairobi, Kenya
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Leandra Rhodes-Dicker, Barbara J. Ward, Wali Mwalugongo, Lindsay Stradley
Cone tests [28] were conducted to analyse the performance of the permeable membranes; these tests are a quick and simple method that allowed for the evaluation of many membranes and variables while constrained by limited resources. Membrane samples (A4 sized) were folded and clamped to the top of 1.5-L graduated plastic measuring cups, and perforated metal membranes (MA and MB) were cut into circular samples such that they could fit inside the top of the measuring cups. Photos are available in Supplemental Information (SI) Section 1. Faecal sludge was poured into beakers in volumes of 400 mL. The sludge was then flocculated to the required dosage (1, 2, or 3 mL/g TS) by mixing at approximately 100 rpm for 15 sec before decreasing the mixing speed to 50 rpm for 2 min. The flocculated sludge was then immediately passed into the cone test and allowed to dewater for a minimum of 24 h. The filtrate volume in the graduated measuring cups was recorded periodically during this time, and the filtrate and dewatered solids were collected for TS analyses after the dewatering period had ended.