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Properties and applications of engineering materials
Published in Alan Darbyshire, Charles Gibson, Mechanical Engineering, 2023
Alan Darbyshire, Charles Gibson
Copper is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity and like most non-ferrous metals, it is corrosion resistant. Although it does not have a high tensile strength, it is malleable and ductile and easily drawn out into wire and tube. Zinc is used to give a protective coating to mild steel products by a process known as galvanising. Other than this, it is not widely used alone because it is rather brittle and has a relatively low tensile strength.
Policy and Legal Framework for Water Pollution with Special Reference to Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Different Parts of the World
Published in Abhik Gupta, Heavy Metal and Metalloid Contamination of Surface and Underground Water, 2020
Lead exposure adversely affects cognitive function in children, while long-term exposure in adults can cause hypertension and cardiovascular problems. Copper can cause gastrointestinal distress over short-term exposure and liver and kidney problems over long-term exposure. The current LCR faces a number of challenges. The corrosivity of water has to be controlled as it travels through long lengths of often old distribution lines. The sampling and treatment techniques are complex and not easy to undertake. If LSLR is required, the owner has to bear at least a part of the cost, which further complicates the problem. An estimated 6.5–10 million US homes have at least a part of their water supply line made of lead. Public education and awareness play a key role in the success of the program as well.
Metals
Published in Ronald M. Scott, in the WORKPLACE, 2020
Copper is used in a vast range of applications including wiring, plumbing, roofing, and cookware manufacturing. These depend on copper’s high electrical and heat conductivity, and its good weathering properties. Many alloys of copper are produced besides the familiar brass and bronze products. Most copper is derived from sulfide ores. These are crushed, concentrated by flotation, roasted, and smelted. Further purification involves oxidation of the molten product in air, then treatment with coke or charcoal. High-purity copper is obtained by electrolysis.
Direct copper recovery from pregnant leaching solutions (PLS), using a custom electrolytic cell, based on reactive electrodialysis (RED)
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 2023
Chile has the largest stocks of copper, with almost 21% of worldwide copper reserves and accounts for about 28% of the global production (Gentina and Acevedo 2016; Ghorbani and How Kuan 2017; Pérez et al. 2021). Copper is currently mined using both underground and open-cut methods, and there are essentially two main processing routes depending on the type of ore, sulphide or oxide. After ore sorting and grinding, employed for both types of ore, the main technique used for concentration of sulphide ores is froth flotation, followed by smelting and refining (pyrometallurgical process). For oxide ores (and some low-grade sulphide ores), a heap leaching process is combined with solvent extraction (SX) and electrowinning (EW). This process operates at ambient temperatures and dissolves copper by using a sulphuric acid solution to obtain a copper sulphate solution through heap leaching, after which the SX-EW recovers copper to obtain pure copper cathodes (Lottermoser 2007; Calvo et al. 2016; Forsén et al. 2017; Asghari et al. 2019).
An unsteady instigated induced magnetic field’s influence on the axisymmetric stagnation point flow of various shaped copper and silver nanomaterials submerged in ethylene glycol over an unsteady radial stretching sheet
Published in Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2023
Shakil Shaiq, Ehnber Naheed Maraj, Azeem Shahzad
Copper is a widely used metal for electrical and thermal energy transfer. Copper is widely used in electrical wires, plumbing, roofing, and engineering machinery. Silver can be found almost anywhere: in solar technology, electronics, soldering and brazing, engine bearings, medicine, vehicles, water filtration, jewellery, kitchenware, and your precious metals portfolio. Chemicals like EG are frequently used in industrial and commercial applications, including coolant and antifreeze. In the winter, EG keeps your automobile’s engine from freezing; in the summer, it serves as a coolant to keep it from overheating. The nanoparticle’s shape (see Ref. [40]) plays a vital role in enhancing the heat transfer rate. Many shapes are available in the literature with viscosity and size information. In this study, brick and blade shapes are considered to compare the effects of these shapes on heat transfer and fluid flow.
Microstructure and defects of rectangular Cu-Ag wires fabricated by the continuous extrusion forming process
Published in Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 2023
Fujian Zhang, Huayong Hu, Jianjun Hu, Xian Yang, Min Li, Yanxia Chen, Chaoping Ma, Ning Guo
Compared with other metals, copper has excellent electrical conductivity (second only to silver), high thermal conductivity, and good corrosion resistance. Owing to its face-centered cubic structure, copper has excellent plastic deformation ability and can be easily processed into various profiles or parts such as wires, rods, plates, and strips. Therefore, copper and its alloys are widely used in electronics, aviation, solar energy, and other fields [1–5]. However, copper has limitations, especially in structures with less thickness, where excellent mechanical properties and electro-migration resistance are required. It is shown that adding related alloy elements to copper can improve mechanical properties and electro-migration resistance [6]. Of the possible alloy elements, silver is a more suitable option [7]. At the same time, adding Ag to copper can also improve the antioxidant properties of the alloy without reducing the conductivity of the alloy [6].