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Metals
Published in Ronald M. Scott, in the WORKPLACE, 2020
Major uses for tin include tinplate, solder, and copper alloys. The latter include brass, bronze, babbitt (bearing metal), and pewter. Organotins are used as catalysts, polymer stabilizers, antimicrobials, and marine antifouling paints.
Tin-Based Materials for Supercapacitor
Published in Inamuddin, Rajender Boddula, Mohd Imran Ahamed, Abdullah Mohamed Asiri, Inorganic Nanomaterials for Supercapacitor Design, 2019
Muhammad Mudassir Hassan, Nawshad Muhmmad, Muhammad Sabir, Abdur Rahim
Tin is a chemical element with symbol Sn and atomic number 50. It is mostly acquired from the ore of cassiterite, which consists of stannic oxide SnO2. It has two oxidation states—2+ and 4+. It is also an abundant element on earth with largest number of stable isotopes. At room temperature it has mainly two types of allotropes. Melting point of tin is 231.9°C, and it has very low toxicity; therefore, it is used in many alloys and other applications. Here, we discuss only its storage application in supercapacitors (Batzill and Diebold 2005).
Metals II: Details About Specific Metals
Published in Ronald Scott, of Industrial Hygiene, 2018
Major uses for tin include tinplate, solder, and copper alloys. The latter include brass, bronze, babbitt (bearing metal), and pewter. Organotins are used as catalysts, polymer stabilizers, antimicrobials, and in marine antifouling paints.
Influence of processing conditions on the mechanical, tribological and fatigue performance of cold spray coating: a review
Published in Surface Engineering, 2022
Tin (Sn) coatings are mainly utilized for soldering films, corrosion-resistant and bearing materials. In addition, the tin can only be sprayed at a low gas temperature in order to avoid powder nozzle clogging. The tin can be sprayed on thermoplastic material. Cold-sprayed tin coating gives dense and uniform coating with more than 70% deposition efficiency at optimal parameters [34]. Che et al. [35] ‘successfully deposited cold sprayed tin, copper and ironpowder on five distinct substrate (polyethylenimine (PEI), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) and mild steel at 200°C at varying parameters’). The ABS, PEI and PEEK utilized in this experimental work are all thermoplastic polymers, while CFRP has a thermosetting matrix.The results showed that the cold-sprayed coating on the thermoplastic polymers provided more positive results in terms of coating deposition efficiency as compared to the thermosetting polymers. This may be owing to the local thermal softening mechanism in the thermoplastics. Thick cold-sprayed copper coatings were deposited successfully on PEI and PEEK. Tin coating is normally used in gasoline tanks, marine equipment, and protective coatings of steel in food containers.
Levels of tin and organotin compounds in human urine samples from Iowa, United States
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2019
Manuel Gadogbe, Wei Bao, Brian R. Wels, Suzie Y. Dai, Donna A. Santillan, Mark K. Santillan, Hans-Joachim Lehmler
Tin is a non-essential metal in humans and has been detected in both inorganic and organic forms in the environment, wildlife, and humans.[1] Inorganic forms of tin are used, for example, in tin-coated food and beverage cans to prevent corrosion; in soft solders, bronzes or other alloys; for the manufacturing of electrically conducting films; and to produce flat window glass surfaces. Stannous chloride (SnCl2) is a food additive approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.[2] Organotin compounds (OTCs) were used as stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), biocidal textile finishes, catalysts for the synthesis of polyurethanes and silicones, agricultural fungicides, antifouling agents for ships, and in glass coatings.[3,4] Because of their uses, OTCs can be found in sediments and other environmental compartments.[5,6] The production and use of OTCs for many applications, in particular as antifouling agents, are now banned because of environmental concerns.[3,7] Besides, chemical and biochemical methylation can result in the conversion of inorganic tin into the OTCs in the environment.[1] Some methyltin compounds, such as dimethyl and trimethyl tin, occur naturally and are formed by bacterial methylation of inorganic tin.[8,9] Both inorganic and organic forms of tin are released into the environment from natural and anthropogenic sources, thus resulting in the potential for human exposures.