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Metal–Crucible Interactions
Published in Nagaiyar Krishnamurthy, Metal–Crucible Interactions, 2023
The Copper Age, which could have begun as early as 5000 BCE, ended by 3200 BCE with the rising popularity of bronze. In the nearly 2000-year period from 3200 to 1200 BCE, the use of bronze (an alloy of seven parts of copper to one part of tin)was so widespread as the principal material in the manufacturing of weapons and implements that the period is given the name Bronze Age. Bronze is not only harder, stronger and more corrosion resistant than copper but also melts at a lower temperature (950°C). At the normal melting point of copper (1085°C), bronze is far more fluid, a property very conducive to casting intricate shapes accurately. The amount of bronze used in tools was dwarfed by the quantities used for making weapons. Tin ore does not normally occur with or near copper ores.
Materials
Published in Ansel C. Ugural, Mechanical Engineering Design, 2022
Copper alloys are very ductile materials. Copper may be spun, stamped, rolled into a sheet, or drawn into wire and tubing. Owing to its high electrical and thermal conductivity, resistance to corrosion, but relatively low ratio of strength to weight, copper is used extensively in the electrical, telephone, petroleum, and power industries. The most notable copper-base alloys are brass and bronze. Brass is a copper–zinc alloy, and bronze is composed mainly of copper and tin. Brass and bronze are used in both cast and wrought form. The strength of brass increases with the zinc content. Brass is about equal to copper in corrosion resistance, but bronze is superior to both.
Materials
Published in Ansel C. Ugural, Youngjin Chung, Errol A. Ugural, Mechanical Engineering Design, 2020
Ansel C. Ugural, Youngjin Chung, Errol A. Ugural
Copper alloys are very ductile materials. Copper may be spun, stamped, rolled into a sheet, or drawn into wire and tubing. Owing to its high electrical and thermal conductivity, resistance to corrosion, but relatively low ratio of strength to weight, copper is used extensively in the electrical, telephone, petroleum, and power industries. The most notable copper-base alloys are brass and bronze. Brass is a copper–zinc alloy, and bronze is composed mainly of copper and tin. Brass and bronze are used in both cast and wrought form. The strength of brass increases with the zinc content. Brass is about equal to copper in corrosion resistance, but bronze is superior to both.
A review of the effect of biodiesel on the corrosion behavior of metals/alloys in diesel engines
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Anh Tuan Hoang, Meisam Tabatabaei, Mortaza Aghbashlo
Hu et al. (2012) also evaluated the corrosion properties of metals, including copper, mild carbon steel, stainless steel, and aluminum, in biodiesel compared with neat diesel. After being immersed for 60 h at 43ºC, the corrosion rates recorded in biodiesel were higher than in diesel. In addition, the copper and mild carbon steel corrosion rates were also significantly higher than those of aluminum and stainless steel. Similar copper corrosion properties were also claimed by Geller et al. (2010) and Aquino et al. (2012), indicating that copper and copper-based alloys (brass) were significantly more prone to pitting corrosion as revealed by the weight loss experiment. Haseeb et al. (2010a) looked into the effects of palm oil biodiesel on the corrosion of copper and leaded bronze under two different experimental conditions, i.e., 1) room temperature for B0, B50, and B100 for 2640 h, and 2) at 60°C for B0, B100 and B100 (oxidized) for 840 h. They argued that under the first test conditions, the rates of corrosion level for copper and bronze in B100 were 0.042 mpy and 0.018 mpy, respectively. While under the second test conditions, oxidized-B100 led to higher rates of copper and bronze corrosion (0.053 mpy and 0.023 mpy, respectively). The higher corrosion resistance level of bronze compared to copper could be ascribed to the presence of tin (Sn) (Nguyen et al. 2018).