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Global climate change and the future of electricity production
Published in John Bird, Science and Mathematics for Engineering, 2019
One way is to simply burn biomass directly, heat water to steam and send it through a steam turbine, which then generates electricity. The second way requires gasification of biomass. A biomass gasifier takes dry biomass, such as agriculture waste, and with the absence of oxygen and high temperatures produces synthesis gas (CO + H2), also known as pyrolysis of biomass. The gasification process turns wet biomass, such as food waste and manure, into methane (CH4) in a digestion tank. Both methane and synthesis gas (syngas) can be used in a gas engine or a gas turbine for electricity production. A third way to produce electricity from gasified biomass is by using fuel cells. If biogas/biosyngas is available with high enough purity fuel cells can be used to produce bio-electricity. However, the fuel cells break down quickly if the gas in any way contains impurities. This technology is not yet commercial.
Thermodynamics
Published in Daniel H. Nichols, Physics for Technology, 2019
The differences between diesel and gasoline engines are as follows: Gasoline engines use spark plugs to ignite the fuel. Diesel engines operate under much higher pressures, which ignite the fuel. Compressing any fuel enough will cause it to ignite.Diesel engines operate under much higher pressures, 20:1 compression ratio, compared with 8:1 for gasoline. They must be made stronger and therefore heavier than gas engines.Diesel engines are more efficient, about 30% efficient, compared with 20% for gas engines.
Ways of generating electricity – the present and the future
Published in John Bird, Electrical and Electronic Principles and Technology, 2017
One way is to simply burn biomass directly, heat water to steam and send it through a steam turbine, which then generates electricity. The second way requires gasification of biomass. A biomass gasifier takes dry biomass, such as agriculture waste, and with the absence of oxygen and high temperatures produces synthesis gas (CO + H2), also known as pyrolysis of biomass. The gasification process turns wet biomass, such as food waste and manure, into methane (CH4) in a digestion tank. Both methane and synthesis gas (syngas) can be used in a gas engine or a gas turbine for electricity production. A third way to produce electricity from gasified biomass is by using fuel cells. If biogas/bio-syngas is available with high enough purity fuel cells can be used to produce bio-electricity. However, the fuel cells break down quickly if the gas in any way contains impurities. This technology is not yet commercial.
Simulation and performance analysis of municipal solid waste gasification in a novel hybrid fixed bed gasifier using Aspen plus
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Robert Eliraison Moshi, Yusufu Abeid Chande Jande, Thomas Thomas Kivevele, W. S. Kim
MSW is a low cost readily available nonfossil fuel that can be converted into fuel gas through the gasification process under a limited oxygen environment (Basu 2006). The process generates fuel gas such as carbon monoxide, methane, hydrogen and other useful gaseous (Zainal et al. 2001). These gaseous can be used in gas turbines, fuel cells and gas engines for heat and power generation. The gasification reactions occur after the MSW drying and pyrolysis processes. It involves the integration of combustion and gasification reactions which includes boudouard, water gas, methanation and shift conversion (Han et al. 2017).