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Metabolic Engineering of Methanogenic Archaea for Biomethane Production from Renewable Biomass
Published in Sonil Nanda, Prakash K. Sarangi, Biomethane, 2022
Rajesh Kanna Gopal, Preethy P. Raj, Ajinath Dukare, Roshan Kumar
Biogas production is a promising technology for food and agriculture waste management and thereby generating renewable energy for a sustainable society. The microbial fuel cell is another option for the generation of bioelectricity via complex organic waste management. It is an alternative energy option for fossil fuel energy, which is going to deplete in the future. Fermentation followed by anaerobic digestion is the biochemical process by consortia of microbes in a microbial system. The improvement and upgradation of biomethane production depend on the potential microbial consortia for the respective substrate, bioaugmentation, optimization, and engineering of biochemical pathways and metabolic engineering techniques for the enhancement of microbes for sustainable energy production.
Biomass as a Source for Heat, Power and Chemicals
Published in Subhas K. Sikdar, Frank Princiotta, Advances in Carbon Management Technologies, 2021
The process for the production of biogas is the anaerobic digestion, defined as the biological process in which the organic matter, in the absence of oxygen, is decomposed into gaseous products (biogas) such as CH4 , CO2 , H2 , H2S , and in digestate, which is a mixture of mineral products (N, P, K, Ca, etc.), and compounds of difficult degradation (Harder and Witsch, 1942).
Design, construction and mathematical modelling of the performance of a biogas digester for a family in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa
Published in Nnamdi Nwulu, Mammo Muchie, Engineering Design and Mathematical Modelling, 2020
Patrick Mukumba, Golden Makaka, Sampson Mamphweli, Peace-maker Masukume
Anaerobic digestion is processes whereby microorganisms break down biodegradable material such as donkey dung in the complete absence of oxygen to form biogas. The biogas produced can be used for electricity generation and as a fuel for vehicles. South Africa is the most industrialized country in Africa and is highly dependent on conventional fuels such as coal and oil. This makes the country lead in greenhouse gas emissions (Naidoo 2011). A number of steps have been taken to reduce these greenhouse gas emissions. One step taken was the introduction of anaerobic digesters in rural areas to produce biogas. Biogas production is a suitable technology used for treatment of organic wastes such as municipal wastes and the production of energy from the combustion of biogas (Lema and Omil 2001; Lettinga 2001; McCarty 2001). Anaerobic digestion is the production of biogas, mainly methane, from organic wastes in the complete absence of oxygen by anaerobic microbes such as acidogens, acetogens and methanogens.
Remediation of potentially toxic elements -containing wastewaters using water hyacinth – a review
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2023
Padmaja Galgali, Supriya Palimkar, Arindam Adhikari, Rajkumar Patel, Joyanto Routh
An important application of water hyacinth is in the field of bioenergy. Depletion of fossil fuels has shifted the focus to more sustainable biofuels, such as biogas, bioethanol, biomethanol, vegetable oils, etc. as alternative sources of energy (Bote et al. 2020). Water hyacinth has low lignin content and therefore, its higher cellulose and hemicellulose contents can be converted into energy and biofuel through biochemical and thermochemical processes (Sharma et al. 2015; Carlini et al. 2018). A review discusses the researches on the use of water hyacinth as a renewable source of energy (Bote et al. 2020). Effects of different pretreatments of water hyacinth on the production of bioethanol were studied and found that acidic pretreatment gave best results (Das et al. 2016). Biogas is produced through anaerobic digestion process by microorganisms and it utilizes the biomass in the reactor (Carlini et al. 2018). This solves the problem of disposal of waste water hyacinth. Biodiesel obtained from water hyacinth (WHB) blended with diesel in 20:80 proportion showed characteristics similar to neat diesel in terms of HC, CO, and smoke emissions, but the CO2 and NOx emission levels were slightly higher (Bote et al. 2020).
Anaerobic digestion of calotropis procera for biogas production in arid and semi-arid regions: A case study of Chad
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
Stephanie Solal Djimtoingar, Nana Sarfo Agyemang Derkyi, Francis Atta Kuranchie, Khadija Sarquah
Biogas technology is one of the matured processes of converting organic materials into energy (Mahmoud et al., 2020). Also known as anaerobic digestion (AD), it is the utilization of biological procedures to break down organic materials and balance these materials by changing them into methane and carbon dioxide gas and an almost stable residue, in the privation of oxygen. (Marchaim, 1992). Biogas primarily comprises methane (50–80)%, carbon dioxide (10–30)% and other gases and impurities such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and carbon monoxide (Bridgwater et al., 2018). This is utilized for cooking, heating and lighting, while the process serves as a matrix for clean water and fertilizers (Ani, 2014). The proportions depend on the organic material and the method employed. However, the quantity of methane must be more than 40% for the biogas to be flammable. Today, this technology is widely spread around the globe and still developing every day with a very wide range of feedstocks used from animal waste to human waste.
Drivers and barriers to the implementation of biogas technologies in Bangladesh
Published in Biofuels, 2022
A. S. M. Monjurul Hasan, Md Ahsan Kabir, Md Tanbhir Hoq, Maria T. Johansson, Patrik Thollander
Biogas is produced via the anaerobic digestion of organic material, and microorganisms are essential in the process. Different types of organic substrates can be used as raw materials, such as: sludge from wastewater treatment plants, manure, food waste, plant material, and process waters from food industries [8]. It consists of 60–70% methane (CH4) and 30–40% carbon dioxide (CO2), with the remainder being hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and other trace gases [9, 10]. Biogas production is more flexible than that of other biofuels, because it can be produced from hydrocarbons, proteins or fats, including wet and secondary materials [11]. Biogas is one of the renewable energy sources that can provide a sustainable solution to increasing energy demand. Globally, in comparison with other renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, the share of biogas production has been meagre [12], although over the last two decades, the stakeholders have become more motivated to produce biogas from waste and this trend is increasing globally. The highest energy-using countries, like the USA and China, have been expanding their biogas productions rapidly over the last few years [13]. The world’s biogas production experienced a 3.5-fold increase from the year 2000 to 2011, which made it one of the fastest growing renewable energy resources in the twenty-first century [14].