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Microbial Manipulation for Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Published in Suhaib A. Bandh, Javid A. Parray, Nowsheen Shameem, Climate Change and Microbial Diversity, 2023
Sheikh Firdous Ahmad, Triveni Dutt, Bharat Bhushan
One of the key features influencing GHG production from fermentation during the storage of manure is temperature. Lowering storage temperatures minimize the emission of GHGs. The pollution reduction is, however, still contingent on other factors. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions can be lowered to amounts of 55 and 41%, respectively, if the manure is removed from livestock farms at frequent intervals in the form of slurry (Mohankumar et al., 2018). Using slated and grooved floors, by this strategy, help to minimize pollution. Similarly, in modern poultry housing schemes, belt scrapers can help to eliminate manure from poultry farms and reduce GHG pollution routinely. During the preparation of manure (Grossi et al., 2019), the separation of manure into solid–liquid phases is stated to have a high potential to reduce methane emissions. The mitigating capacity of separation treatment is estimated to be 30% higher than that of untreated manure. GHG emissions can be altered by the modification of exposure to aerobic/anaerobic environments. During preparation and injection for land use, the slurry can reduce GHG emissions from manure (Holly et al., 2017). The use of manure for the processing of biogas serves two goals: the availability of energy supply and eliminating GHG emissions. Compared to conventional manure use processes, the anaerobic digestion process for biogas processing helps to minimize pollution by up to 30% (Battini et al., 2014).
Green Smart Farming Techniques and Sustainable Agriculture: Research Roadmap towards Organic Farming for Imperishable Agricultural Products
Published in Vikram Bali, Rajni Mohana, Ahmed A. Elngar, Sunil Kumar Chawla, Gurpreet Singh, Handbook of Sustainable Development through Green Engineering and Technology, 2022
Sita Rani, Pankaj Bhambri, O. P. Gupta
Modernization of agricultural processes, like the high use of synthetic inputs, advanced irrigation techniques, more produce-giving methods, etc., are the main contributors in achieving the astonishing growth in the agriculture sector in the last few decades. Although the high usage of synthetic inputs, like fertilizers and pesticides and water resources, has increased the yield of the crops to meet the current food needs, it has badly impacted human life and the ecosystem (Narayan, 2012). More and more adoption of pesticides in farming is the biggest risk to environmental sustainability. There is also a huge danger for the survival of all types of life on Earth since, over time, these synthetic inputs become part of the food chain. So, there is a big trade-off between our food requirements and environmental sustainability issues (Rigby & Cáceres, 2001). Organic or eco-farming is the most viable solution to this challenge, which helps to meet all types of challenges. Under organic farming, the main objectives are to produce the yield with balanced nutrients under an eco-friendly environment. It accentuates the control of the application of synthetic inputs like fertilizers, pesticides, etc. Under organic farming, the use of organic manures is encouraged; it consists of all the required nutrients for plant growth. In the same way, in organic farming, natural methods for pest management are practiced, and these do not affect human life. A number of sustainability practices, like crop rotation, intercropping, etc., are inspired in organic farming.
Water Pollution
Published in Frank R. Spellman, The Science of Water, 2020
Agribusinesses don’t use traditional pastures and feeding practices. Typically, manure is removed from the livestock buildings or feedlots and stored in stockpiles or lagoon or pond systems until it can be spread on farm fields, sold to other farmers as fertilizer, or composted. When properly designed, constructed, and managed, CAFO-produced manure is an agronomically important and environmentally safe source of nutrients and organic matter necessary for the production of food, fiber, and good soil health. Experience has demonstrated that when properly applied to land, at proper levels, manure will not cause water quality problems. When properly stored or deposited in holding lagoons or ponds, properly conveyed to the disposal outlet, and properly applied to the appropriate end-use, potential CAFO waste environmental problems can be mitigated.
Drying of biogas digestate: A review with a focus on available drying techniques, drying kinetics, and gaseous emission behavior
Published in Drying Technology, 2022
Razieh Salamat, Holger Scaar, Fabian Weigler, Werner Berg, Jochen Mellmann
During recent decades, renewable energy resources have attracted increasing attention, on the one hand due to a shortage of fossil fuels that are not being quickly replaced, and on the other hand due to strict regulations established by the European Union (EU) to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Biogas has been considered specifically since, in addition to using renewable energy sources, it represents multiple environmental benefits.[1] For example, animal husbandry generally plays a key role in emissions of GHGs, and it has been well proven that using manure as a substrate for biogas plants makes a significant contribution in reducing GHG emissions, especially of methane and nitrous oxide.[2] For this reason, the German Federal Government has financially supported the development of renewable energy technology in this field. Consequently, both the number of biogas plants and the installed capacity have increased considerably.[3]
An effective integrated system used in separating for anaerobic digestate and concentrating for biogas slurry
Published in Environmental Technology, 2021
Yali Bao, Yanyan Fu, Caixia Wang, Hong Wang
Huge amounts of manure produced daily by livestock farms can be evolved into biogas via anaerobic digestion. The application of anaerobic digestion technology solves the environmental pollution problems of livestock farms effectively while provides valuable energy [1–3]. More than 14,000 anaerobic digestion plants are in operating in Europe [4]. The projections set forth by the Annual Energy Outlook 2019 stressed that the biogas production would be expected to reach a high-value of 1.2 million b/d by 2050 [5]. Anaerobic digestion of livestock manure generates tremendous volumes of digestate while producing biogas [6]. Anaerobic digestate (AD) is rich in active nutrients, e.g. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and humic acid. These nutrients are high-quality fertilizers required in agricultural production [7,8]. However, the huge output of AD far exceeds the demand for fertilizers of local farmland, while serious environmental pollution will be caused if it is discharged directly [9,10]. Due to the high content of moisture (60.0%–90.0%) of AD [11], it is extremely costly to be transported directly. Therefore, the efficient and low-cost separation and concentration process for AD has become one of the key issues to the sound development of project for AD biogas-producing [12].
Antibiotic resistome in the livestock and aquaculture industries: Status and solutions
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2021
Yi Zhao, Qiu E. Yang, Xue Zhou, Feng-Hua Wang, Johanna Muurinen, Marko P. Virta, Kristian Koefoed Brandt, Yong-Guan Zhu
Land application of the animal manure is a major environmental dissemination pathway for antibiotic resistomes in agro-ecosystems, which potentially contributes to ARGs/ARBs in human communities through pathways associated with the exposure and external release (Heuer et al., 2011). Manure, as a fertilizer with rich nutrients and organic matters, is commonly used worldwide in agriculture for improving the soil properties and enhancing the crop growth. However, manure has become an important reservoir of antibiotic compounds, ARBs, ARGs, and MGEs (Han et al., 2018; Karkman et al., 2019; Zhu et al., 2013). Increasing evidence shows that the manure application can remarkably increase ARGs and the selection of ARB populations in soils (Han et al., 2018; Heuer et al., 2011; Muurinen et al., 2017; Xie et al., 2018). Soil usually harbors diverse intrinsic ARGs owing to the complex microbial community and diverse antibiotic-producing resident microbes (Riesenfeld et al., 2004; Su et al., 2014; Zhu et al., 2019). Therefore, the enhanced level of ARGs after manure application is not only attributed to the introduction of novel ARGs from the fecal contamination, but also to the elevated abundance of existing resident ARGs selected by applied manure (Nikolina, 2014). Moreover, ARGs can be more established in the soil microbial community and persistent under regular manure applications (Heuer & Smalla, 2007).