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Water Quality in Agriculture
Published in A. Zaman, Md. Hedayetullah, Sustainable Water Resource Development and Management, 2022
The long-term adverse effects of inorganic fertilizer on soil properties and the environment could be ameliorated under integrated nutrient management using organic sources. Organic fertilizers are often seen as a means of sustaining long-term soil fertility and also as means of enhancing the efficiency of chemicals fertilizers, could improve soil characteristics and yield gains. The main goal of the study is to quantify the benefit of organic fertilizers of kharif rice under an integrated nutrient management program and reduce total water requirement of rice-based crop sequence, as a system approach. The influence of organic amendments on soil’s physical, chemical, and microbiological properties on short- and long-term basis as well as its effect on quality parameters (like CHO, fat, and protein content along with parboiling and elongation including market price) have to be evaluated scientifically. This transformation might lead to increase bulk densities, penetration resistance, and sharing stress status of the soil. The organic fertilizers might have influence on the magnitude of porosity and may affect the size and rigidity of pores, which influenced root proliferation, gaseous exchange, and water retention as well as evapotranspiration (ET) from the crop field affects the water use of the crops directly.
Nanoscience in Biotechnology
Published in Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Majid Kamli, Jamal S. M. Sabir, Hesham F. Alharby, Diverse Applications of Nanotechnology in the Biological Sciences, 2022
Charu Gupta, Mir Sajad Rabani, Mahendra K Gupta, Shivani Tripathi, Anjali Pathak
In agriculture system, chemical fertilizers are known to reduce carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen content of the soil, which decline soil fertility, soil quality and cause land degradation. Although synthetic fertilizers have improved the crop production and yield, these fertilizers are costly and have become burden on the farmers (DeRosa, 2010). Thus, keeping the negative effect of these chemical fertilizers into consideration, the farmers have shifted to nonconventional ways of agriculture. In nanofertilizers, nanomaterials nurture themselves by intake of nutrients and act as the nutrient carrier and mitigate the loss of essential mobile nutrients and thereby improve the crop production (Kah et al., 2018) and plant metabolism. They have also found applications in the absorption of mobile nutrients through nanometric pores (Rico et al., 2011). Therefore, nanotechnology can serve as an alternative to sustainable development in agriculture system.
Soil Degradation in Mediterranean and Olive Mill Wastes
Published in Amitava Rakshit, Manoj Parihar, Binoy Sarkar, Harikesh B. Singh, Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto, Bioremediation Science From Theory to Practice, 2021
Victor Kavvadias, Evangelia Vavoulidou, Christos Paschalidis
Soil organic matter plays a key role in soil quality and fertility, influencing several ecosystem services. However, a major decline in SOM content in many soils is taking place as a consequence of the intensification of agriculture. Mediterranean soils are low on organic matter, which is mainly affected by the current climate change, erosion and intensified cropping systems. Practices that favor the enrichment of soil with organic matter need to be implemented. Application of C rich inputs is among practices than can be used for optimizing the SOM content of agricultural soils. The amendment of agricultural soils with organic wastes represents a way to increase organic matter of the soil and improve soil fertility. Among the organic waste materials produced by agricultural activities, olive mill wastes disposal on soil is a suitable practice. On the other hand, application of this waste material to the soil may have negative environmental implications mainly due to the high content of potentially phytotoxic compounds, such as phenols. In fact, although there is a lot of information on the treatment of OMW and the use of OMW as soil amendment, in several cases contradictory evidence is available for the effects of OMW on soil properties. Studies on the long term effects of OMW disposal on soil properties are limited, as well as the fate of inorganic and organic load. Further research studies have to be conducted with regard to the definition of effective OMW management strategies, which will include recycling and re-use as well as appropriate remediation schemes in case of soil contamination
The use of recovered struvite and ammonium nitrate in fertigation in a horticultural rotation: agronomic and microbiological assessment
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Mar Carreras-Sempere, Carmen Biel, Marc Viñas, Miriam Guivernau, Rafaela Caceres
Even though the high level of fertilization in the last century has promoted, overall, nutrient enrichment of the topsoil, intensive horticulture still relies on the input of fertilizers to sustain food production [10]. Phosphorus (P) and Nitrogen (N) are essential plant nutrients, and their deficiency in soils severely restricts crop yields and soil fertility. Rock phosphate, the P fertilizers source, is a non-renewable and geographically restricted resource included in the ‘critical raw material’ list by the European Commission [11]. N fertilizers are produced from the N2 present in the atmosphere through the Haber–Bosch process, which implies a high energetic demand, being linked to resource depletion and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Both nutrient fertilizers are highly demanded, associated with a high environmental footprint, and strongly linked to key feedstocks prices [12]. Moreover, the excessive use of these fertilizers is recognized as one of the most important causes of water bodies pollution [13].
Ammonia nitrogen adsorption by different aquifer media: An experimental trial for nitrogen removal from groundwater
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2020
Duo Li, Yahong Zhou, Qi Long, Rui Li, Changyu Lu
Soil organic matter is one of the significant components of the soil solid phase. Despite the low proportion of soil organic matter in the soil, it plays an indispensable role in increasing soil fertility. Organic matter is of pivotal importance for soil nutrient. The high organic matter proportion gives further support to the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties (Yusran 2010; Roth et al. 2012). The organic matter in soil can mainly use its own nutrient elements to improve the soil traits, that is, soil with less organic matter content tends to have higher permeability and weaker adsorption. The organic matter used in this study was the high-purity humic acid, humic acid (dry basis) ≥70%, Fulvic acid (dry basis) 15%–20%, ash 10%, and various mineral components with pH 5–7 and particles with 100–120 mesh size. It is derived from weathered lignite, which is slightly soluble in water and easily soluble in alkali. Forty-gram sand samples with organic matter content of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12% were prepared separately. Then, these sand samples were put into a 500 mL flask and 200 mL double distilled water and 200 mL NH4Cl solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5. Seven bottles were prepared for each solution, resulting in 42 bottles in total. After sealing with a membrane and shaking for 210 min, the sample was taken and the supernatant was centrifuged to determine the concentration of triple-nitrogen in the water. Then, the adsorption amount and adsorption rate were calculated.
Impact of greywater on germination and physiological responses of Triticum aestivum L. HD 2967 in soil amended with poultry biochar
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Rekha Kumari, Rozi Sharma, Neeraj Kumar Sharma, Deepak Pant, Piyush Malaviya
Increased global pressure on natural resources, food safety for greater output and profitability, and adjustment and mitigation of climate change are interrelated problems that affect agriculture. Major improvements in agro-ecosystems are required to enhance poor rural economies and create more sustainable agricultural systems by managing agro-residues. Due to the high content of nitrogen and phosphorous in agro-waste, it could be used as a fertilizer (soil conditioner) and to stabilize the soil [1]. As prolonged cultivation causes loss of soil organic matter which ends in declining soil fertility. As a result, soil aggregate stability declines. Therefore, it is essential to restore degraded soils using low-tech, environment-friendly techniques.