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Combustion Aspects of Non-Conventional Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines
Published in Debi Prasad Mishra, Advances in Combustion Technology, 2023
Gasoline and diesel engines are the two well-established types of internal combustion engines. However, they have their own limitations such as Otto engines having poor part load efficiency, but they provide very good full load power characteristics. Similarly, diesel engines, having higher weight-to-power ratio and low smoke-limited power, give good part load characteristics. Higher losses and problems of maintenance in diesel operation are caused by use of higher compression ratios. Both full load power and part load efficiency are very important for an automotive engine during its operating life. It should be noted that they work most of the time, under part load conditions. Speed, acceleration and other characteristics determine the maximum power requirement of the vehicle. Hence, an engine has to be developed with the advantages of both the gasoline and diesel engines with avoiding their disadvantages. An engine that is midway between a heterogeneous charge Compression Ignition engine and homogeneous charge Spark Ignition engine is being attempted and is known as a stratified charge engine.
Introduction to Internal Combustion Engines
Published in K.A. Subramanian, Biofueled Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines, 2017
An internal combustion engine generates power by converting from chemical energy to heat during combustion. The power output of a spark-ignition engines and compression-ignition engines are in the range from few kilowatts (kW) to several megawatts (MW). Therefore, these engines are used in a variety of applications from agricultural pesticide sprayers (less than 1 kW) to two-wheeler and multiwheeler trucks (from approximately 5 kW to several MW) and electrical power generation (from approximately 2 kW to several MW). Spark-ignition engine is the highest specific power output compared to other heat engines as these engines can operate at an equivalence ratio of one. Based on type of ignition, an internal combustion engine can be classified into two categories:
Lubricant Contribution to Energy Efficiency
Published in Don M. Pirro, Martin Webster, Ekkehard Daschner, Lubrication Fundamentals, 2017
Don M. Pirro, Martin Webster, Ekkehard Daschner
The internal combustion engine converts the chemical energy of fuel into mechanical work through the process of combustion. Most engines are based on either the Otto cycle for gasoline or the diesel cycle for diesel engines. Considering the vehicle as a whole, there are a large number of energy conversion and power transfer steps that lie in the path between the fuel and the ultimate propulsion of the vehicle. Figure 19.29 shows how the fuel energy is used to propel a gasoline-powered passenger vehicle. The analysis is based on literature data and was calculated for a fully warmed up vehicle traveling at 40 miles/h (64 km/h). The relative contributions vary based on vehicle type and operating conditions, and will be different for more modern vehicles than those included in the analysis. However, the major sources of losses are common to most vehicle types. Similar estimates are available in various public sources from government agencies and National Research Laboratory reports.
Sustainable supply chain planning for biomass-based power generation with environmental risk and supply uncertainty considerations: a real-life case study
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2021
Mohammad Fattahi, Kannan Govindan, Mehdi Farhadkhani
Landfilling is a primary waste treatment process (Parker et al. 2008). By gathering, processing, and treating the methane gas as the main part of landfill gas emitted from decomposing biomass, the LFGRS can generate electricity. In this process, a gas turbine or internal combustion engine can be used for generating electricity. Shin et al. (2005) analysed the cost of electricity generation and greenhouse gas emissions from landfilling in Korea. Life cycle assessment (LCA) method as a systematic and well-known method to assess and quantify the environmental impacts of various industries is applied by Wanichpongpan and Gheewala (2007) to evaluate the environmental consequences of landfilling. The potential of electricity generation from landfilling is also investigated by several studies in various real-world case studies (see e.g. Gómez et al. 2010; Tsai 2007).
Effects of ethanol, methyl tert-butyl ether and gasoline-hydrogen blend on performance parameters and HC emission at Wankel engine
Published in Biofuels, 2020
Wankel engines have been under development for more than 50 years. The Wankel engine is an internal combustion engine that has an eccentric rotating design and converts the pressure after combustion to a rotary motion with a Reuleaux triangle-style piston [1]. The power transmission is carried out directly by the shaft connected to the piston. Therefore, it has a less complicated working system than other engines. The structure of the engine consists of a rotor (Reuleaux triangle-style piston) and a camshaft rotating off the center in an oval engine body. The rotor is connected to the engine main shaft with an internal and an external gear [1–3]. The Wankel engine operates according to the four-time-cycle principle. Intake, compression, expansion and exhaust times occur around the rotor. In other words, all engine times occur in the Wankel engine at the same time [4–8]. A net amount of work occurs in each full cycle of the rotor. Due to this feature, the Wankel engine is different from a four-stroke piston engine.
Surface temperature measurement of gas turbine combustor using temperature-indicating paint
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
M. Arulprakasajothi, P. L. Rupesh
An internal combustion engine in which continuous combustion takes place is called gas turbine (or) combustion turbine. The system consists of a compressor, a turbine and a combustion chamber. The Brayton cycle is the air standard cycle for the operation of a gas turbine engine (Lempereur, Andral, and Prudhomme 2008; Bird et al. 1998). The compressed atmospheric air from the compressor is sent to the combustion chamber where the fuel is injected (or) sprayed. The injection of fuel with the high pressurised air leads to combustion which produces high pressurised gases (Neely and Riesen 2008; Bird et al. 1998). These gases with high pressure undergo expansion in the turbine which produces work. An industrial gas turbine with the above parts has been shown in Figure 1.