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Homopolar Motors
Published in David A. Cardwell, David C. Larbalestier, Aleksander I. Braginski, Handbook of Superconductivity, 2022
One of the first practical homopolar generators using LMCCs was a 10 kW machine with up to 16 kA, 0.625 V, 780 RPM, designed by D. A. Watt in 1951 (Watt, 1951; 1952; 1956; Rhodium Plating in Homopolar Generator, 1958). An exploded view of model liquid mercury brushes is shown in Figure H1.12.6, and the actual brush-rotor assembly is shown in Figure H1.12.7. It was used as a power source for an electromagnetic pump for liquid metal coolant used in atomic energy applications. The efficiency of this generator was 90% to 98%. In order to reduce the size, the core was made out of Permendur alloy with a saturation magnetic field of 2.4 T.
Fast reactors
Published in Kenneth Jay, Nuclear Power, 2019
Liquid metals may be pumped by suitable mechanical pumps, or by electromagnetic pumps. The operation of the latter depends on the same principle as that of an electric motor, namely that a conductor carrying an electric current, when placed in a magnetic field, experiences a force which tends to move it. In the electromagnetic pump the conductor is the liquid metal which, because it is mobile, flows under the action of the force. The idea is sketched in Figure 38. A magnetic field is produced by the current flowing in the coils; the liquid metal flows in a channel between these coils and a strong current is passed through it in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. The result is a force tending to move the liquid metal along the tube. Other forms of electromagnetic pump are possible. The advantage of all is that there are no moving parts and no glands or seals between the liquid metal and the outside of the pump.
Magnetic dipole aspect of binary chemical reactive Cross nanofluid and heat transport over composite cylindrical panels
Published in Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2022
Syed Latif Shah, Assad Ayub, Sanaullah Dehraj, Hafiz A. Wahab, K. Martin Sagayam, Mohamed R. Ali, Rahma Sadat, Zulqurnain Sabir
Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) refers a wide range of fluid study in motion and are electrically conducting, such as salty water, plasma, etc. Physically, the use of MHD relay on importance of the Lorentz forces that grow and are produced through the inter-mutual interaction of specially and specifically conducting fluid flow coupled with magnetic field. There are many applications regarding MHD flows in industry, engineering, and biological sciences such as MHD generators, paper production, cooling of metallic sheets, fibered glass manufacturing, power/heat generation, geothermal energy differentiation, mensuration flow in blood vessels, etc. In this regard, Hartmann who invented electromagnetic pump is supposed to be the father of MHD liquid-metal. Therefore, it is necessary to establish systematic approaches/techniques to form relative solutions for the MHD flow problems. The general behavior of MHD flow is a fascinating phenomenon that motivates the researchers using many numerical techniques. Vajravelu and Hadjinicolaou [1] study related to the convective heat-mass transferring coupled with imposed strength of magnetic field through an extended sheet or surface. The MHD streams are taken as a steady flow in orthogonal channels are studied using the uniform straight edges by [2]. The most attractive significant behavior of the magnetic field through an extended surface is discussed by Pop and Na [3]. Singh and Lal [4] have used existing technique named as finite element method for unsteady MHD flow system in the two-dimensional (2-D) rectangular field and in circular regions. They proposed the flux through a channel, which is inversely proportional to the Hartmann number (HM) and conductivity of the wall. The most important method for high/low magnetic Reynolds number for solving the three-dimensional (3-D) MHD flow algorithm introduced by Salah et al. [5]. Mahapatra et al. [6] gave special point in stretching surface of flow called stagnation point which obeys a power law and considered in the presence of heat radiation and suction. The effect of thermal radiation and their influence on the MHD flow considering the free convection of a gas which passed through an infinite vertical plate is discussed by Prasad et al. [7]. A finite difference scheme for 3-D time-dependent MHD flow in a channel (rectangular) by varying the fluid temperature discussed first time by Lee and Dulikravich [8]. Advanced MHD stability problem which is related to concerned water-based nanofluids using mathematical model of generalized differential quadrature is made by Wakif and Sehaqui [9].