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Automotive Clutches
Published in G. K. Awari, V. S. Kumbhar, R. B. Tirpude, Automotive Systems, 2021
G. K. Awari, V. S. Kumbhar, R. B. Tirpude
The electromagnetic clutch is a clutch (a device for the transmission of rotation) which is engaged and disengaged by an electromagnetic actuator. The flywheel consists of winding in this form of clutch. The current is supplied to the battery or dynamo winding.
Stud shape and joint strength for low carbon steel joints fabricated by friction stud welding with low load force requirement
Published in Welding International, 2022
Masaaki Kimura, Haru Saito, Masahiro Kusaka, Koichi Kaizu
A brake-type (continuous or direct drive) friction welding machine was used for the welding. It was necessary to remove the deformation caused in the joint during the braking to elucidate the effects of friction time on joining phenomena and joint strength. Accordingly, in the present study, an electromagnetic clutch was used and welding was performed by a welding method similar to the previously reported experimental method [8]. When the clutch was released, the relative speed between both specimens instantly decreased to zero. By the way, stud joints were a combination of plate and round bar, in many cases it was unsuitable for the plate to be rotated. In actual operations, a friction stud welding is performed by the stud side being rotated while being pressed against the work side, it would seem appropriate for each specimen to be positioned and joined in this way. However, the specimens were made set conversely in this study, because the durability of used jig was considered during the experiment. It has been confirmed, however, that if welding is performed with the specimens attached in the opposite way, as in the method of the present study [4,9], this produces results that are no different from the results obtained when welding is performed with the parts attached as in conventional friction stud welding.
Performance evaluation of an automotive air conditioning and heat pump system using R1234yf and R134a
Published in Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2021
Mumin Celil Aral, Mukhamad Suhermanto, Murat Hosoz
The compressor was driven at the required speed by a 4 kW three-phase electric motor via a frequency inverter. The connection between the electric motor and compressor was made by a belt-pulley mechanism with double V belts each having dimensions of 13 mm × 950 mm. In order to operate the compressor, the electric motor as well as the electromagnetic clutch is energized, which engages the compressor pulley to its crankshaft through a clutch plate. The indoor and outdoor units were inserted into one-meter-long separate air ducts with flow areas of 0.24 × 0.24 m2 and 0.67 × 0.35 m2, respectively. A centrifugal fan was attached to the inlet of the indoor air duct, while an axial fan was attached to the inlet of the outdoor air duct. Moreover, both air ducts were equipped with electric heaters placed upstream of the indoor and outdoor units to test the system at the required air inlet temperatures. The electric heaters in the indoor and outdoor ducts could be energized in the ranges of 0–2 kW and 0–6 kW, respectively.
Design of a single motor, tendon driven redundant manipulator with reduced driving joint torques
Published in Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 2018
Malaka Miyuranga Kaluarachchi, Jee-Hou Ho, Samer Yahya
This mechanism is used to achieve the bidirectional motion of the link independent of the actuator direction of motion. For each joint, two dedicated electromagnetic clutches are allocated to vary the direction of motion and to control the joint motion. Furthermore, an electromagnetic brake is incorporated with each joint shaft to hold the link position after completion of motion. Serial coupled timing belts are used for transmission of energy for the upper joints as shown in Figure 1. Only pulleys and timing belts are fixed at the joint. The mass specifications of the electromagnetic clutch and the electromagnetic brake incorporated in design are 0.8 and 0.5 kg, respectively (Warner Electric, 2017). Therefore, the overall mass of the two clutches and the brake used for a single joint actuation is 2.1 kg. In the majority of conventional manipulators, servo motors are installed at each joint for the actuation (Low, K. H. (Ed.), 2007; Jaber, 2016). The mass specifications of the servo motors used in conventional manipulators with equivalent design specifications are shown in dynamic model section. Typical mass of a servo motor installed in a conventional manipulator ranges from 2.6 to 8.6 kg (Yaskawa Servo Drives, 2017). As such mass of the servo motor exceeds overall mass of the two clutches and a brake. Therefore, although two clutches and a brake are incorporated for the single joint actuation, the light weight aspect is preserved. Moreover, the components are installed at the base of manipulator. As a result, the components installed at the joints are reduced. This results in reduction of driving joint torques and inertia of the manipulator.