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Thermal Considerations
Published in Roydn D. Jones, Hybrid Circuit Design and Manufacture, 2020
Advances in the complexity of hybrid circuits have yielded devices with many components, some of which may dissipate appreciable power. This has resulted in higher operating temperatures and an increased probability of component failure. Temperature limits the safe operating region of all electronic components. Above 125°C junction temperatures, transistors may suffer from thermal-runaway problems. Above temperatures of about 150°C, film resistors exhibit appreciable drift and may even fail catastrophically. For high reliability circuits, methods must be provided for the efficient removal of the heat created by these heat-dissipating components.
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Published in Raj Deo Tewari, Abhijit Y. Dandekar, Jaime Moreno Ortiz, Petroleum Fluid Phase Behavior, 2019
Raj Deo Tewari, Abhijit Y. Dandekar, Jaime Moreno Ortiz
Wet insulation is the most commonly used pipeline insulation for subsea developments. A wide range of insulating materials which are exposed to seawater are available. The common materials used are Neoprene, Syntactic Epoxy, Polyurethane, and Polypropylene. Depending on the material, the maximum operating temperature is 140°C. For application in ultra-deepwater, some materials have been qualified to 3,000 m water depth.
Thermoelastic study of a functionally graded annular fin with variable thermal parameters using semiexact solution
Published in Journal of Thermal Stresses, 2019
Rajiv Ranjan, Ashis Mallick, Prasun Jana
When an equipment is working, whether it is a small electronic device or large equipment such as transformer, compressor, industrial heat exchanger, internal combustion engine, etc., high amount of heat is generated. This heat raises the temperature of the equipment and thereby results in the development of thermal load within the equipment. The presence of excessive thermal loading causes various types of material failures such as fatigue failure, creep failure, and crack propagation which reduce the life of these equipment. To avoid such excessive thermal shock, it is important to maintain the operating temperature within certain prescribed limits. There are several techniques to control the temperature of the equipment. Among them, one of the techniques is to increase the primary surface area of the equipment [1,2]. This extra surface area is called as fin or extended surface which works as a cooling agent to the primary surface. Fin transfers excess heat from the primary surface to the surroundings. An annular fin is more favorable to enhance the heat transfer rate as it provides more surface area to the adjacent coolant.
Feasibility study of TEG-integrated biomass cook stove for electrical power generation specific to rural areas with inadequate electricity
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Rupam Patowary, Debendra Chandra Baruah
A TEG module generates electrical power when a temperature difference is applied across it. A variety of TEG modules are available commercially with different operating conditions and capacities. Depending upon the temperature available from the combustion chamber inner wall, the selection is made. In this study, TEP1-1994-3.5 TEG module supplied by Thermonamic Electronics, China is used. The maximum operating temperature is 330°C. Some specifications of the module are presented in Table 7.