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LED Control with Different Evaluation Boards (Arduino Uno and NodeMCU)
Published in Anudeep Juluru, Shriram K. Vasudevan, T. S. Murugesh, fied!, 2023
Anudeep Juluru, Shriram K. Vasudevan, T. S. Murugesh
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electronic component which reduces the flow of electrons (electric current) through a circuit. An active component is an electronic component that can generate energy for supplying to an electrical circuit, whereas a passive component can only receive energy but cannot amplify or generate energy. Resistors are mainly used for limiting the current flowing through a circuit, reducing the voltage across a component or as a pull-up/pull-down resistor. The electrical resistance of a resistor is measured in Ohms denoted by the symbol Ω. Generally, resistors are available in two types: through-hole and surface-mount. A 1 kΩ resistor in both through-hole and surface-mount types is shown in Figure 1.15.
Self-Repeating Robotic Arm
Published in Kaushik Kumar, Sridhar B. Babu, Industrial Automation and Robotics, 2023
B. Nagamani, N. Subadra, Sathvik Parasa, Hari Sarada, Ashrith Gadeela
A potentiometer is a voltage divider that consists of a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or revolving contact. It operates as a variable resistor or rheostat when only two terminals, one end and the wiper, are employed.
Printed Circuit Board Terminology
Published in Robert P. Hedden, Cost Engineering in Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing, 2020
A resistor is a discrete component used to lower the voltage to that required by a circuit and to limit the current flow within a circuit. Resistors have three pertinent characteristics: Resistance, which is indicated by color-coded rings (bands) or is numerically stamped on the bodyTolerance on the resistance value, which is usually 20, 10, 5, 2, 1, or 0.01 percentWattage, which is determined by physical size
Performance enhancement of photovoltaic module using a sun tracker with side reflectors (STSR system)
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2023
Amirhosein Ekbatani, Behnam Mostajeran Goortani, Moein Karbalaei
This unit consists of sensors that send analog signals and a programmable logic controller unit or PLC. The sensor circuit in this experiment is a voltage divider circuit consisting of a light-sensitive resistance (LDR) in series with a 222-Ohm constant resistor and a power supply. The function of this circuit is such that by changing the intensity of radiation, the resistance of the LDR changes and as a result, the current of the circuit and consequently the voltage of the constant resistor will change. Therefore, an analog signal of voltage enters the controller. The controller, by receiving the signal and processing it, issues the desired command according to the program defined for it. The controller used in this experiment is LOGO!8-24RCE and its programming was done in LOGO Soft Comfort_V8.1 software environment. The voltage-current relationship in this circuit is according to Eq. (4):
A millimetre-wave GaAs monolithic multifunctional quadrupler chip with high harmonic rejection and high output power flatness
Published in International Journal of Electronics Letters, 2022
Ce-Tian Wang, Hai-Feng Wu, Wei Tong, Yu-Nan Hua, Yi-Jun Chen, Liu-Lin Hu, Ji-Ping Lv, Qian Lin
Generally, the output power of the amplifier fluctuates severely as temperature changes. Thus, a novel gate biasing circuit is designed to solve this problem, as shown in Figure 5. Since the metal semiconductor resistor (MSR) has a negative temperature response and the thin-film resistor (TFR) has a positive temperature response, the schematic in Figure 5 can help to stabilise the gate biasing voltage V1. When the environment temperature increases, the value of MSR decreases while the value of TFR increases. By adjusting the resistors values, if the gate biasing voltage V1 decreases at a high temperature, the biasing circuit generates an additional ΔV1 to compensate the temperature roll-off coefficient. Thus, the power degradation of A2 at high temperature is relieved. Similarly, it can also compensate the output power at the low temperature. In this way, the chip output power keeps stable at all temperatures.
Waterproof, thin, high-performance pressure sensors-hand drawing for underwater wearable applications
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2021
On the other side, our method also desmonstrates the possibility of a fully integrated circuit that is created by hand-drawing and can work underwater. The circuit diagram can be seen in Figure 6(c-d). Herein, an Attiny85 works as a simple microcontroller unit. Two reference resistors (Rf) are 1–2 kΩ and drawn directly on the pyralux film by a pencil. One resistor used to protect the LED, and another resistor used to detect the change in the voltage divider circuit. As shown in Figure 6(e), the integrated circuit is programmed to turn on an LED when touching the sensor. Video S3 demonstrated the practical operation of this integrated circuit underwater. Two existing hard-components are the MCU and LED. However, this issue also opens a research direction for an all-hand-drawing-circuit in the future.