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Health, safety, security and the environment
Published in Andrew Livesey, Bicycle Engineering and Technology, 2020
COSHH regulations require that assessments are made of all substances used in the workshop. This assessment must state the hazards of using the materials and how to deal with accidents arising from misuse. Your wholesale supplier will provide you with this information as set out by the manufacturer in the form of either single sheets on individual substances, or a small booklet covering all the products in a range. Datasheets are available for many common products on the various manufactures and suppliers websites. An example can be found in the Appendix.
∞ Game Approach
Published in Bor-Sen Chen, Stochastic Game Strategies and Their Applications, 2019
Quantitative descriptions of devices in the form of standardized, comprehensive datasheets are widely used in many engineering disciplines. A datasheet is intended to allow an engineer to quickly determine whether the behavior of a device will meet the requirements of a system in which a device might be used [426]. Such a determination is based on a set of standard characteristics of device behavior, which are the product of engineering theory and experience. In the datasheets of engineering, the characteristics typically reported are common across a wide range of device types, such as sensors, logic elements, and actuators. Recently, biological datasheets have been set as standards for characterization, manufacture, and sharing of information about modular biological devices for a more efficient, predictable, and design-driven genetic engineering science [426,427]. Because datasheets of biological parts or devices are an embodiment of engineering standard for synthetic biology [426], a good device standard should define sufficient information about biological parts or devices to allow the design of gene circuit systems with the optimal parameters. Datasheets contain a formal set of input–output transfer functions, dynamic behaviors, compatibility, requirements, and other details about a particular part or device [426,427]. Since parameters ki are combinations of transcription and translation, they could be measured from the input–output transfer functions and dynamic behaviors of biological parts or devices in biological device datasheets. From properly characterized input–output transfer functions and dynamic behaviors of parts or devices in biological device datasheets, an engineer can estimate the corresponding parameters of biological parts or devices. When the biological parts and devices in datasheets become more complete in future, we can rapidly select from a vast list the parts that will meet our design parameters ki. Therefore, we can ensure that devices selected from datasheets can fit the optimal parameters and systems synthesized from them can satisfy the requirements of design specifications for robust synthetic gene networks.
A review of small-signal stability analysis of DFIG-based wind power system
Published in International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 2023
N. R. Nkosi, Ramesh C. Bansal, T. Adefarati, R. M. Naidoo, Sanjay K. Bansal
A typical DFIG-based WT is shown in Figure 2; it consists of turbine, generator, drive train and power converter. Usually, the pitch control strategy is utilized to control the WT as a measure to optimize the extracted power in various wind speeds [16]. The generator dynamic behaviour is obtained by the transformation of the machine three-phase voltages into a synchronous rotating frame known as the d-q frame. The RSC is modelled using a vector control scheme which can be implemented either on air gap flux orientation or stator flux orientation, recently the flux magnitude and angle controller (FMAC) scheme has also been considered. In [17], a detailed dynamic model uplifted from the manufacturer datasheet is presented and implemented in the commercial software for power system stability analyses. This model has been used extensively in studies such as to investigate the impact on electromechanical oscillations in power systems [18]. Moreover, these models are more accurate; they are computationally intensive and coupled with intrinsic dynamics that hold no influence on the small-signal stability.
A high step-up Z-source-flyback converter with integrated inductors for photovoltaic applications
Published in International Journal of Electronics, 2023
Hamed Moradmand Jazi, Bita Davoodi, Mohsen Soltani, Herminio-Martinez Garcia, Guillermo Velasco-Quesada
The analysis is focused on the semiconductor elements, the power switch and diodes, and also inductors. Other losses related to the gate drive and capacitors are negligible and are not included in the analysis. As can be seen, the conduction losses of the diodes and switching losses of the switch are the main part of power loss. Note that among power diodes the input diode has a higher amount of loss due to the high average current. In Table 3, to calculate the conduction losses of elements, their specifications like drain source on resistance are obtained from datasheet and the average current is measured from the experimental waveforms. As can be observed, the conduction losses of the diodes are higher than other losses, and apart from the losses of diodes, switching loss of the main switch can be remarkable than the other elements. Since the Eoss and the associated switching losses of the power switch is not considered in Table 3 calculations, the values of the switch power loss in Figure 11 and Table 3 are different. It should be noted that, though the number of the windings of the proposed converter is higher than the converter in [18], all the windings are coupled on the same magnetic core.
Preconceptual Design of Multifunctional Gas-Cooled Cartridge Loop for the Versatile Test Reactor: Instrumentation and Measurement—Part II
Published in Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2022
Piyush Sabharwall, Kevan Weaver, N. K. Anand, Chris Ellis, Xiaodong Sun, Hangbok Choi, Di Chen, Rich Christensen, Brian M. Fronk, Joshua Gess, Yassin Hassan, Igor Jovanovic, Annalisa Manera, Victor Petrov, Rodolfo Vaghetto, Silvino Balderrama-Prieto, Adam J. Burak, Milos Burger, Alberto Cardenas-Melgar, Daniel Orea, Reynaldo Chavez, Byunghee Choi, Londrea Garrett, Genevieve L. Gaudin, Noah Sutton, Ken William Ssennyimba, Josh Young
The selected paint has an emissivity certified and with its uncertainties documented as functions of temperature and wavelength up to 800°C. The paint has an operating range up to 1093°C. The major benefit of the material is its ability to be painted directly onto the sample. This allows for measurements of the sample and reference electrical counts to be measured simultaneously. This helps ensure thermal equilibrium between the SiC surface and the one covered by the reference paint. The characteristics of the two paints used were similar and allowed for multiple options in the final selection. Measurements for this study are performed in the 3- to 5-µm range. The values of the reference emissivity used in the calculations are an average of the 3.5- and 4.7-µm results, from the available datasheet. An example of visualization of the sample with the reference window and measuring window is shown in Fig. 3.