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Electric vehicle technology
Published in Tom Denton, Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, 2020
The axle-split parallel hybrid is also a parallel drive even though the motor and engine are completely separated. As the name suggests, they drive an axle each. A semi-automatic transmission together with a stop/start system is needed with this layout. As the engine can be completely decoupled, this configuration is suitable for operation as a strong hybrid. It can effectively deliver all-wheel drive when the battery is charged and in some cases to ensure this, an additional generator is fitted to the engine to charge the high-voltage battery even when the vehicle is stationary.
Semi-automatic and automatic transmissions
Published in M.J. Nunney, Light and Heavy Vehicle Technology, 2007
Although many early developments in semi-automatic transmission originated from the American motor industry, interest in this type of transmission waned there after World War II because of the increasing popularity of fully automatic transmission, but it was revived in Europe for smaller-engined cars. In these applications, emphasis was usually placed on retaining a layshaft synchromesh gearbox with conventional means of changing gear, but eliminating the need for a clutch pedal by operating the friction clutch through a vacuum servo unit (Figure 17.1). The British Lockheed Manumatic system was a typical example of this approach. When a change of gear was required the act of gripping the gear lever closed a microswitch contained within the knob. The electrical circuit thus completed served to energize a solenoid and open a control valve, which admitted intake manifold depression to the vacuum servo for the purpose of withdrawing the clutch through a rod and lever connection. Other more sophisticated but albeit elaborate designs of semi-automatic transmission still incorporated a layshaft gearbox, but revived the American use of a fluid coupling in series with a vacuum servo-controlled friction clutch, thereby eliminating the need for a clutch pedal and also ensuring smooth moving away. Finally, we must arrive at the early 1990s to see how a relatively simple electronically controlled actuator can eliminate the need for a clutch pedal and provide a semi-automatic transmission, as described below.
Concept of a design activity supporting tool in the design and development process of cyber physical system
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2022
J. Pokojski, L. Knap, S. Skotnicki
The case analysed in the present work is the process of designing a transmission control unit (TCU) also performing the control and monitoring of a particular tractor operation. The transmission system consists of a mechanical system (semi-automatic transmission, drive system, brake system, tool handling system) controlled and managed with the developed electronic system. These systems are additionally connected with multiple sensors and actuators. All these components are controlled by dedicated software and composed into the designed CPS.