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Introduction to automation
Published in Benny Raphael, Construction and Building Automation, 2023
In industrial engineering, automation refers to the use of programmable devices for performing tasks without manual intervention, that is, using computer control for mechanical tasks. Strictly applying this definition, many of the technologies adopted in construction qualify only as mechanization and cannot be considered as automation. For example, the use of motorized hoists for lifting construction material is only mechanization, not automation. However, tools and equipment are getting more sophisticated, and many of them have embedded systems with microprocessors. Even a cutting machine might have a controller that uses feedback for the safe operation of the device. Hence, the distinction between mechanization and automation is getting blurred. Even if end users are not able to program the equipment, they might have inbuilt programs for the correct sequence of operations, that is, operations that are automated with computer control.
Digital Oil Fields and Its Emerging Technologies
Published in Anirbid Sircar, Gautami Tripathi, Namrata Bist, Kashish Ara Shakil, Mithileysh Sathiyanarayanan, Emerging Technologies for Sustainable and Smart Energy, 2022
Geetanjali Chauhan, Saurabh Mishra, Sugat Srivastava
Personnel working in the petroleum sector, both upstream and downstream, are involved in a variety of processes and operations, dealing with a large amount of data at various stages of the process. The manual process entails a large amount of manual engagement with operational data as well as its analysis. This could result in time wastage and miscommunication, leading to fewer efficient procedures and a higher risk of errors. Oil field automation involves the development and application of technology to monitor and control exploration, field development, production, and petroleum products’ delivery. Automation comprises a wide spectrum of technologies touching the domains of robotics and expert systems, telemetry and communications, electro-optics, cybersecurity, process measurement and control, sensors, wireless applications, system integrations, and many more. It helps the oil industry, determined to keep the cost down by imitating users in carrying out routine tasks with speed and accuracy. Automation not only reduces the time required for the operation, but also helps the engineers and operators to have rapid access to crucial system performance, conditions, and technical information which improves the efficiency of performance and decision-making. Table 2.4 shows a comparative study between manual and automated workflow in the oil industry.
Role of Information and Communication Technology in Developing Northeast Region of India and Some Aspects of e-Governance
Published in Gopal Singh Latwal, Sudhir Kumar Sharma, Prerna Mahajan, Piet Kommers, Role of ICT in Higher Education, 2020
Automation of various processes in various systems is necessary in the current time. Automation has several advantages which include rapid product development, flawless operation, better efficiency, higher throughput, etc. Automation is required almost in all sectors to keep pace along with the fast changing world. Automation in the operation of various systems is a need of the hour. As such automation has a very vast domain. If the NE region of India is considered then there is a huge necessity regarding automation of processes in different domains such as offices, industries, institutions, etc. IT plays a vital role in the automation process. In summary, it may be mentioned that IT may be adapted for automation of various systems in this region which in turn will contribute to the overall growth of the region directly and also indirectly. This automation issue needs detail discussion and here in this chapter, we just introduce the idea.
The Moderating Effects of Task Complexity and Age on the Relationship between Automation Use and Cognitive Workload
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2022
Shree Frazier, Sara A. McComb, Zachary Hass, Brandon J. Pitts
Automation is a device, machine, or system that partially or fully completes a function or task without continuous human input (Parasuraman et al., 2000, p. 287), and is being rapidly embraced by individuals and organizations worldwide. In recent years, human-automated systems, which involve coordination between humans and automation to successfully complete tasks, have become increasingly incorporated into knowledge work environments (i.e., jobs that require specialized skills for task completion such as an accountant, engineer, and physician (Naik & Bhide, 2014)). Tasks offloaded by automation often provide humans more time to complete high-level cognitive activities, such as planning, strategizing, and decision-making. For instance, accountants use automated processes to perform computations for assets, equity, and profit, so that they can assist clients with other tasks, such as developing business strategies.
A Consumer-Based Smart Home with Indoor Air Quality Monitoring System
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2019
Kailas Patil, Meena Laad, Aakash Kamble, Shivani Laad
Automation is the process in which physical appliances are made to work by themselves with little or no direct human control. Automation can be mainly divided into two parts, viz. industrial automation and home automation. Today, the word automation is known as the combination of emerging technologies in Computer Science and Electronics such as Internet of Things, Embedded Systems, programmable logic controller (PLC) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA). Smart homes, also known as automated homes are able to gather the knowledge about their consumers and their surroundings so as to adapt and improve comfort and efficiency [1]. Home automation is useful to control home appliances and their functions, from a short distance or remotely [2]. Home automation includes day-to-day household activities such as switching On/Off lights, ceiling fans, scheduling and automatic operation of water sprinklers, heating and air-conditioning equipment, and kitchen appliances. It not only saves energy thereby reducing the cost but also provides comfort and security [3].
A human–machine interaction design and evaluation method by combination of scenario simulation and knowledge base
Published in Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2018
Zhanguo Ma, Hidekazu Yoshikawa, Amjad Nawaz, Ming Yang
Human–machine interaction (HMI), which is recognized as essential for process safety, quality, and efficiency, comprises all aspects of interaction and communication between human (users) and the machines via human–machine interfaces. The term ‘machine’ indicates any kind of designed system such as automation which is denoted as the supervision and control system [1]. Automation achieves the better goals such as greater safety, much better-quality control, cost saving as well as liberating human from laborious work. However, automation leads to the reduction of operator system awareness and manual skills while increasing monitoring workload [2]. Although the current design, especially for the nuclear power plants (NPPs), employs the passive safety design which tries to exclude the human from the safety control system. However, in case of automation failure, the human factor becomes critical in the safety critical systems to cope with the accident. This is the famous argument of ‘ironies of automation’ by Bainbridge in 1980s [3]. Therefore, the HMI should be effectively designed to achieve that the human harmonizes with automation to accomplish the safety and efficiency in the complex and typically large-scale systems such as NPP, aircraft control, and manufacturing plants.