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Design Methods and Approaches for IoT Hardware
Published in Mohammad Ayoub Khan, Internet of Things, 2022
A sensor is a device that reacts to physical or chemical actions or states. For example, light-dependent resistor (LDR) sensors can change their electrical properties by exposing their surface to the light.
Internet of Things (IoT) for Construction Cyber-Physical Systems
Published in Salah Wesam Alaloul, Cyber-Physical Systems in the Construction Sector, 2022
Abdul Hannan Qureshi, Wesam Salah Alaloul, Khalid Mhmoud Alzubi
Moreover, SCM IoT-based systems automatically perform stock calculations, and in case of low stock, systems generate a request to purchase particular items. Sensors also play an important role by monitoring the operational conditions of machinery or equipment, inform for timely maintenance, and regulate aberrant situations. Therefore, selecting the right technology is very important for the effectiveness and ef�ciency of site operations (Alaloul et al. 2021). Researchers have performed various studies using IoT-based technologies proving the effectiveness of systems in SCM and lean construction processes. Ko et al. (2016) designed a cloud computing-based automated, cost-effective tracking and materials management system integrated with RFID. Xu et al. (2018) designed a cloud computed-based IoT network system to assign IoT technologies flexibly and economically. Figure 4.3 shown a basic supply chain management model for a construction site.
Next-Generation IoT Use Cases across Industry Verticals Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Published in Pethuru Raj Chelliah, Usha Sakthivel, Nagarajan Susila, Applied Learning Algorithms for Intelligent IoT, 2021
T. R. Kalaiarasan, Sruthi Anand, V. Anandkumar, A. M. Ratheeshkumar
There are various types of sensors like temperature sensor, pressure sensor, vibration sensor, acceleration sensor, etc. Data can be collected from sensors on a timescale of a few milliseconds to seconds that leads to a huge amount of data. Those data can be sent to the cloud using cloud application and stored. The faults of certain devices can be detected by monitoring the health index of these devices in real time.
Catalysing assistive solutions by deploying light-weight deep learning model on edge devices
Published in Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 2023
Kanak Manjari, Madhushi Verma, Gaurav Singal, Vinay Chamola
Sensors are the instruments that are often used to detect and interact with electrical or optical signals. A sensor translates the physical parameter (e.g. temperature, blood pressure, humidity, velocity, etc.) into a signal that can be electrically measured. There are various types of sensors for different purposes such as temperature sensors, UV sensors, proximity sensors, and ultrasonic sensors. The temperature sensor gathers temperature information from a source and converts it into a form that other devices or individuals can understand. The UV sensor measures the strength or severity of the incident ultraviolet radiation. The proximity sensor detects the existence of artefacts that are almost positioned without a contact point. The ultrasonic sensor is an instrument that uses ultrasonic sound waves to measure the distance to an object. The RPi 3/4, NCS2 and NANO setup that was deployed on the cane (Manjari et al., 2019b,a) has been shown in Figure 3. The motive behind the development of this cane is to help the visually impaired in gaining information about their surroundings as there can be many objects in the nearby area that can be harmful to them. However, a mobile device has limited resources in terms of memory and power. We aim to use the edge devices available in the market and let the user know about their compatibility issues with various object detection models. The developer of the prototype should know the options of models that can be deployed on different edge devices along with the performance after deploying.
Digitalisation and servitisation of machine tools in the era of Industry 4.0: a review
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2023
Data acquisition is the prerequisite for the digitalisation and servitisation of machine tools. Currently, reliable, efficient, and low-cost data acquisition of machine tools is still a great challenge. On the one hand, data acquisition from CNC systems is a difficult task. Standardised communication protocols that support CNC communication such as MTConnect and OPC UA have not been widely used by commercial machine tools. A collective effort from both machine tool manufacturers and third-party developers needs to be devoted to making the CNC data more open to the customers. On the other hand, sensing techniques for machining processes have not seen a significant advancement in the last decade. Most sensors and data acquisition systems have only been used in laboratories but not real-world manufacturing systems due to their high costs. Development of low-cost, reliable, accurate, and easy-to-implement sensors and data acquisition devices is an urgent need as well as a major challenge for future research.
Smart grid mechanism for green energy management: A comprehensive review
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2023
Adila Fakhar, Ahmed M.A. Haidar, M.O. Abdullah, Narottam Das
Basically, the communication system is used as a connection link to reach smart sensors at smart meters and interface devices. Besides, the sensors measure and convert physical phenomena into electrical signals. Sensors in the smart grid can be categorized based on parameter measurement into three types. For instance, energy flow sensors (voltage, current, frequency, power factor), environment sensors (temperature, humidity, wind speed, solar irradiance), and working condition sensors (temperature, pressure, acceleration, and vibration). Performing the functionalities of monitoring, management, and protection in distribution grids requires smart sensors and actuators which are usually embedded in interface devices and protection systems (Li and Yang 2012). The smart sensor is a device that takes input from the physical component and performs predefined functions using the built-in compute resources. Such sensors should be able to implement intelligence capabilities using the communication systems and interact with the control center of distribution system operator.