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Vehicle Controllers and Communication
Published in Iqbal Husain, Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, 2021
The software code development requires an integrated development environment (IDE) which is typically provided by the microcontroller manufacturer. The IDE tool includes the compiler, debugger, linker and simulator/emulator. The debugger has the capabilities of debugging at the source level. The simulation environment provided models the microcontroller, memory configuration and interrupt mechanism. The block diagram of the development process using a tool is shown in Figure 11.3. An application developer starts with an evaluation board based on a specific microcontroller during the development stages of an application. The evaluation boards are typically used to evaluate the application software at a very early state when the target ECU is still under development. Control cards with the microcontroller installed are then developed for an application. The IDE tool is then used to download the software into the target device.
Microprocessors and Microcontrollers: Past, Present, and Future
Published in Wasim Ahmed Khan, Ghulam Abbas, Khalid Rahman, Ghulam Hussain, Cedric Aimal Edwin, Functional Reverse Engineering of Machine Tools, 2019
Abdul Haseeb, Muhammad Faizan, Muhammad Faisal Khan, Muhammad Talha Iqrar
When processor unit, memories, peripherals, and other devices are fabricated in a single chip, it is called a microcontroller. Initially, when microprocessors and microcontrollers were launched, both these devices did not have a lot of features, but with the passage of time and advancement of technology, a number of characteristics have been added to them. A new generation microcontroller contains advanced peripherals and communication blocks like Digital to Analog Converter (DAC), Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), I2C, SPI, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.
Applications of Microcontrollers
Published in T. Kishore Kumar, Ravi Kumar Jatoth, V. V. Mani, Electronics and Communications Engineering, 2019
Nihar Ranjan Panda, P. N. S. Sailaja, Rupali Satapathy
The microcontrollers are classified in terms of internal bus width, embedded microcontroller, instruction set, memory architecture, IC chip, or very-large-scale integration (VLSI) core (VHDL or Verilog) file and family. There are 8-, 16-, and 32-bit microcontrollers.6 For the same family, there may be various versions with various sources. The processors in microcontrollers are either general processors or purpose built.
A novel monitor for practical brain-computer interface applications based on visual evoked potential
Published in Brain-Computer Interfaces, 2021
Hamidreza Maymandi, Jorge Luis Perez Benitez, F. Gallegos-Funes, J. A. Perez Benitez
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is used to write and upload sketches to the microcontroller. With the help of the IDE, we can control the flickering frequency of LEDs in each matrix cell. Here, the flickering frequency refers to the number of ON/OFF cycles that each LED undergoes per second. For instance, if the intended frequency of a given cell is 10 Hz, the LEDs must switch on and off exactly 10 times in a second. As a result, the corresponding pin must be 1/20 of a second (equals to 50 ms) HIGH and 1/20 of a second LOW. These durations are easily adjustable in sketching and determining the frequency of flickering. To work IMViS as a conventional monitor or when some of the cells are needed to light without flickering, the HIGH and LOW durations should be set at 1000 and 0 ms, respectively. With the focus of this study being IMViS use as a high-frequency SSVEP stimulator, we operated in a flickering frequency range of 34 to 49.5 Hz with a 0.5 Hz interval. Therefore, 32 targets are delivered by 32 cells of the matrix. The software was developed in Python 3 and Qt designer to control the mode of each cell (Figure 5). Each icon in this software, with its location and listed frequency, represents a corresponding cell in the display matrix. This option makes it easy for users without programming knowledge to set up and adjust the monitor cells, although familiarity with IDE is still required to manipulate flickering frequencies [Appendix].
Mixed Current Control Strategy for Bi-directional Boost Converter Fed BLDC Drive
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2023
Chamarthi Sivarama Raju, Susovon Samanta
The microcontroller ATMEGA 2560 is cost effective and easy to use. The peripherals such as analog to digital converter (ADC), timers, UART (universal asynchronous receiver and transmitter), interrupt modules inside the microcontroller play a vital role. The microcontroller has the Harvard architecture, where separate memories for program and data are maintained. The resolution of the ADC is of 10 bits with a sampling rate of 1MSPS (million samples per second). The PWM generation for the control purposes achieved by using the timer modules. Since the clock frequency of the microcontroller is 16 MHz, smooth duty ratio control is possible for the present drive system. The controller code for the drive system is stored in the reprogrammable flash memory of the microcontroller.
Augmented reality and digital twin system for interaction with construction machinery
Published in Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2022
Syed Mobeen Hasan, Kyuhyup Lee, Daeyoon Moon, Soonwook Kwon, Song Jinwoo, Seojoon Lee
A Micro-Controller Unit (MCU) is a small computer on a single chipset. For this research the MCUs from Arduino were selected because of their ubiquity. The popular Arduino Uno and Arduino Yun were used. The advantage of Arduino Yun over the Arduino Uno for the purposes of remote operation of machinery is a more compact package due to the integrated Wi-Fi module and Linux capability from its second processor. The MCU is used to bring together the sensor/actuator network of the physical model to work harmoniously and facilitate coordination with the digital media.