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Computers
Published in Mike Tooley, Aircraft Digital Electronic and Computer Systems, 2023
An instruction set is the name given to the complete range of instructions that can be used with any particular microprocessor. It should be noted that although there are many similarities, instruction sets are unique to the particular microprocessor concerned. In some cases manufacturers have attempted to ensure that their own product range of microprocessors share a common sub-set of instructions. This permits the use of common software, simplifies development and helps make improvements in microprocessors more acceptable to equipment designers and manufacturers. The Intel Pentium processor, for example, was originally designed as an enhancement of the 8086, 80286, 80386 and 80486 processors. These processors share a common sub-set of instructions and thus a program written for the (now obsolete) 8086 processor will run on a Pentium-based system.
Advanced Digital Concepts
Published in Dale Patrick, Stephen Fardo, Vigyan ‘Vigs’ Chandra, Electronic Digital System Fundamentals, 2020
Dale Patrick, Stephen Fardo, Vigyan ‘Vigs’ Chandra
The primary storage consists of: Read-only Memory or ROM and permits only reading from it, not writing to it. Most recent versions of ROM permit a limited number of write operations as well.Random-access Memory or RAM, so named as it takes approximately the same amount of time to retrieve or write data regardless of where it is located.Cache, which is a small, very high-speed memory area located within or close to the microprocessor.
System Specifications
Published in Anton F. P. van Putten, Electronic Measurement Systems, 2019
To define these operations a number of bytes are required; this number ranges from one to six. A specific instruction set is defined by the manufacturer for each type of microprocessor. In general the task of the CPU is to generate the address for the next instruction, to interpret this instruction and to execute it. In the CPU depicted in figure 4.27, we can distinguish the following parts: a program counter (PC)an instruction decodera control and timing sectionan arithmetic logic unit (ALU)a number of general-purpose registers and one or more data paths.
Next Generation NDE Sensor Systems as IIoT Elements of Industry 4.0
Published in Research in Nondestructive Evaluation, 2020
Bernd Valeske, Ahmad Osman, Florian Römer, Ralf Tschuncky
The current development stage of SmartInspect already highlights innovations in digital interfaces, signal processing and data analytics or applied AI and the embedding in I4.0 architectures. The SmartInspect platform represents a pioneer development and implementation in the continuous transition of NDE4.0 devices toward sensor intelligence devices or cognitive sensor systems. In the near future, a much higher degree of AI will be integrated in the microelectronics, the microcontrollers and in the firmware. Besides the algorithms for AI and their implementation in the microelectronics, this evolution will benefit from upcoming disruptive technologies and changes in hardware, like concepts for neuromorphic microprocessors and electronics or AI on chip. The digital age will bring disruptive changes to the NDE world and to the NDE4.0 concepts. This offers great chances for smart sensor systems in future NDE technologies.