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Audibility of Reverse Alarms under Hearing Protectors and its Prediction for Normal and Hearing-impaired Listeners
Published in Neville A. Stanton, Judy Edworthy, Human Factors in Auditory Warnings, 2019
Gary S. Robinson, John G. Casali
A Bilsom Viking earmuff, manufactured in Sweden by Bilsom International, was the device chosen for use in the experiment. This large-volume, high-attenuation earmuff (having a noise reduction rating (NRR) of 29 at the time of the study) was identified by the research sponsor as an appropriate earmuff for use in the noise levels being investigated (85 to 95dB(A)). It is a heavy-duty product that is widely used in US (as Model 2318) and European (as Model 2421) industry (D. Weeks, personal communication, 3 October 1994). In addition, since the experimenter had considerable prior experience with the device, having found that consistent fits across sessions with the same subject as well as across subjects were easily obtained, it was believed that differences in signal detection due to HPD fitting problems would be minimised. The manufacturer-supplied attenuation data as well as the one-third octave band spectral attenuation characteristics of the Bilsom Viking earmuff are shown in Table 3.1.
Hearing, Sound, Noise, and Vibration
Published in R. S. Bridger, Introduction to Human Factors and Ergonomics, 2017
In noisier environments, both subjective and objective changes occur, indicative of stress. Melamed and Bruhis (1996) measured urinary cortisol, subjective fatigue, and postwork irritability in 35 textile mill workers under chronic exposure to noise over 85 dB(A). The workers did not normally wear ear protection but wore earmuffs for 7 days over the study period. Significant reductions in urinary cortisol at the end of the shift, postwork irritability, and subjective fatigue were found when the workers wore the earmuffs. Increased cortisol levels can occur when workers are exposed to stress from many different sources, including high workload, so the findings of this study suggest that noise is a general stressor and the subjective reactions to it may be indicative of heightened physiological arousal. Although 51% of the workers in the study reported moderate to great discomfort when wearing the earmuffs, the inconvenience was not enough to offset the physiological and psychological benefits of a reduction in noise exposure.
Noise and vibration
Published in Sue Reed, Dino Pisaniello, Geza Benke, Kerrie Burton, Principles of Occupational Health & Hygiene, 2020
Ear muffs consist of two padded and internally insulated domes which cover the entire ear (see Figure 12.28). A spring-torsioned headband holds the padded cups to the sides of the head at a clamping force to provide the attenuation desired. When selecting ear muffs, ensure that the cup is just large enough to clear the ear lobes. It is important that the cushions attached to the cups be soft and not cracked, as they are essential to provide a proper seal. They should be cleaned after use and their condition regularly checked. When hard or cracked, the cushions can easily be replaced.
Improvement of productivity by implementing occupational ergonomics
Published in Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering, 2022
The work station is designed with operator measurements called anthropometric measurements. These involve many factors such as Tibial height, knuckle height, elbow height, shoulder height, stature, etc. are considered through which the operator’s physical stress and human fatigue are reduced [7]. The operators are trained about correct posture to maintain near the work station. Also, the organization’s people are trained about the postures at their workplace. Recently Ford has introduced AR-assisted wearables to assist the workers in ensuring correct positures [38,39]. Earmuffs are used by the operators when they are working near the machine to reduce noise. As part of the SHE pillar, accident prevention, and identification and avoidance of near misses with a systematic study, the organization can achieve its targets as portrayed. Hazard and Risk assessment is carried out systematically by OSHAS 18,001, and mitigation of significant risk is followed [2].
Evaluating the effect of training along with fit testing on earmuff users in a Chinese textile factory
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2018
The hearing conservation program has been in place in this factory for more than 10 years, but NIHL cases were still reported every year, improper fitting of earplugs was found as one of the major cause. Since 2012, high attenuation earmuffs, 3M Peltor H10A, were made mandatory for highly noise exposed (Leq,8 h ≥ 95 dBA) workers to replace the earplugs that had been mandatory for a long time before. This policy change created a challenge for workers due to the high heat of the work environment. Therefore, the occupational health supervisors and factory management team provided intensive training to workers on the hazards of noise, risk of hearing loss, and proper use and maintenance of earmuffs. For better comfort, in 2015, the 3M Peltor X4A earmuff was gradually introduced to replace 3M Peltor H10A. The 3M Peltor X4A earmuff could be tested with the 3M E-A-Rfit Dual Ear Validation System, thus, it was the one tested throughout this study. The labeled attenuation values for this earmuff are: Single Number Rating (SNR) = 33 dB and Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) = 27 dB. As per the user instruction of the earmuff,Table 1the cushions should be replaced twice per year.
Noise level analysis to reduce noise exposure at PT. IT
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2019
Bambang Suhardi, Muhammad Abdu Haq Navi, Rahmaniyah Dwi Astuti
The proposed ear protector (APT) is an earmuff with NRR of 48 dB. The following is an example of NRR calculation for single protection at measurement point 1 using an equation of 2.6.