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Nanotechnology Industry
Published in Chetan Keswani, Intellectual Property Issues in Nanotechnology, 2020
A patent is a legal document that certifies authorship of an invention or prototype and the exclusive right to use it. It is a very important and informative source of science and technology, and is not limited to a description of the invention but gives a useful indication of the level of current research and innovation before the product launches on the market. To evaluate present trends and selected areas of support to nanotechnology, statistical data analysis of patents is used to compare the number of applications by region, area of research, and citations. Another way to study the characteristic information of patents surrounding any particular technology in a specific area or at global level is to analyze the patent landscape, referred as patent landscaping [WIPO, 2015]. This method compiles statistical information of bibliographical data and analyzes a large set of patent information to visualize the results. Patent landscaping describes technological solutions of the patent documentation and is mapped in the form of isolated ‘islands’. The map gives clear understanding of how close the islands of certain patent holders are to one another and how are they distributed on the technological solutions spectrum.
Drug Delivery at the Nanoscale: A Guide for Scientists, Physicians and Lawyers
Published in Shaker A. Mousa, Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, 2020
Patentable inventions need not be pioneering breakthroughs; improvements of existing inventions or unique combinations or arrangements of old formulations may also be patented. In fact, majority of inventions are improvements on existing technologies. However, not every innovation is patentable. For example, abstract ideas, laws of nature, works of art, mathematical algorithms, unique symbols, and writings cannot be patented. Works of art and writings, however, may be copyrighted and symbols may be trademarked. Laws of the universe or discoveries in the natural world, even if revolutionary, cannot be patented. For instance, Einstein’s Law of Relativity cannot be considered anyone’s IP. For a US patent to be granted, an invention must meet specific criteria as set forth in US statutes.
Basic Considerations in Design
Published in Yogesh Jaluria, Design and Optimization of Thermal Systems, 2019
Licensing of a patented invention may be undertaken by a company or an individual by giving exclusive rights to another company to manufacture, use, and sell the item over a specified region. Several companies may be licensed or a single company may be chosen. Royalties are paid, usually as a percentage of the profit, to the holders of the patent. A fixed sum of money may also be paid. Thus, patents can become a source of revenue, being quite substantial in many cases. Computer software has become very important in the last two decades, with many companies such as Microsoft Corporation engaged in developing, selling, and leasing software. Appropriate pricing and sale of the software recover the expenses borne by the company in the development of the software. General-purpose, as well as application-specific, computer programs for simulating engineering systems are extensively available and are in common use, despite large leasing and purchasing costs. For further details on patents and copyrights, books such as those by Pressman (1979) and Burge (1999) may be consulted.
Drying technologies for edible insects and their derived ingredients
Published in Drying Technology, 2021
Alan-Javier Hernández-Álvarez, Martin Mondor, Irving-Alejandro Piña-Domínguez, Oscar-Abel Sánchez-Velázquez, Guiomar Melgar Lalanne
Patents are the granting of an exclusive right to the patented process, design, or invention, by a sovereign authority to an inventor for a designated period.[112] Patents are often related to technological innovation, mainly in new product development and the industrialization of these processes.