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Human Consciousness and the Mind
Published in Junichi Takeno, Self-Aware Robots, 2022
The role of this machine is to maintain the constant rotating speed of a flywheel driven by a steam engine. A steam engine is a mechanical system that makes use of the force of steam input into a cylinder to push down a plug-shaped component called a piston. The rod-like component attached to the piston pushes down the flywheel to convert the vertical motion of the piston into rotary motion.
Smart Factories: A Green Engineering Perspective
Published in Vikram Bali, Rajni Mohana, Ahmed A. Elngar, Sunil Kumar Chawla, Gurpreet Singh, Handbook of Sustainable Development through Green Engineering and Technology, 2022
The first Industrial Revolution started in 1760 and lasted until 1840 in Great Britain. The first revolution brought several major changes where daily life was influenced. It has impacted the standard of living of people, especially in the western part of the world. The transitions include the change from manual production methods to machines and machine tools and automated factories using steam power. This industrial change produced a lot of employment, output value, and capital investment, especially in the textile Industry. The invention of the steam engine in 1782 by James Watt was a major breakthrough. The other popular invention was the spinning jenny developed in 1764. The machine allowed workers to spin more wool, thus enhancing productivity. The first industrial revolution also witnessed the invention of sewing machines, thereby decreasing the sewing work in the textile industry, previously done manually. The sewing machine, invented by Thomas Saint in 1790, transformed the clothing industry, thus improving the production considerably at that time. Ashton (1948) highlighted the role of iron and textile industries in the industrial revolution. Britain conducted the first world fair in 1851 and showcased revolvers, sewing machines, steam hammers, reaping machines, and telegraphs to the world. The Industrial revolution resulted in better transportation through canals, roads, and rails. The banking and financial system also improved to run the business smoothly.
Industrial Revolution 1.0 and 2.0
Published in Pau Loke Show, Kit Wayne Chew, Tau Chuan Ling, The Prospect of Industry 5.0 in Biomanufacturing, 2021
Adrian Chun Minh Loy, Bridgid Lai Fui Chin, Revathy Sankaran
The development of the steam engine was a key element of the IR to replace water and wind energies. In 1815s, a 210,000-horsepower steam engine was developed, which helped out many small industrials in power generation. Basically, a steam engine is a heat engine where the working fluid (steam) perform mechanical works, as the force of the steam pressure pushes the piston back and forth inside a cylinder. This pushing force is then transformed by a connecting rod and flywheel into rotational force for mechanical work. The first commercially workable coal-powered steam pump was invented by Thomas Savery in 1698. It has a low lift combined with a vacuum and pressure water pump which generates approximately one horsepower (Figure 1.1.1). The main disadvantages were the restricted lift height and heating properties. Alas, small engines were effective, but larger models were problematic and prone to boiler explosions (Hills 1989).
A path forward for the engineering and technology
Published in Drying Technology, 2023
Farah Mneimneh, Seeram Ramakrishna
Not until 950 CE in Persia that windmills were first built. These were horizontal windmills with vertical shafts supporting the blades. In 1765, the steam engine became one of the most important inventions of the Industrial Revolution. In 1876, German engineer Nikolaus Otto built an engine that, unlike the steam engine, used the burning of fuel inside the engine to move a piston. This type of engine would later be used to power automobiles. In 1901, the radio was successfully introduced to send transmissions over long distances. 73 years later, the Internet was introduced to the world, where data can be broken down into smaller pieces before being transmitted to the right destination. Imagine how humankind’s life would be now without the Internet! Not forgetting that the nineties also included airplanes, rocketry, television, computers and nuclear power inventions. Finally, in 2017, the artificial intelligence program was announced. Through machine learning, artificial intelligence has become better and can compete with humans.
Evaluating Industry 4.0 Implementation Challenges Using Interpretive Structural Modeling and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process
Published in Cybernetics and Systems, 2021
Ahmad Reshad Bakhtari, Mohammad Maqbool Waris, Cesar Sanin, Edward Szczerbicki
The invention of steam engine in Britain between the years 1760 and 1830 triggered the first industrial revolution in human history that served as the transition period of manufacturing processes from hand production systems to mechanized production systems. The main cause behind the industrialization was the change in power sources. The steam engine powered by coal kept industries and factories producing faster and efficient than before by providing continuous mechanical energy. By employing mechanical energy generated by the steam engines, the factories and industries became mechanized which in turn replaced the manual work with the machines fueled by mechanical energy (Stearns 2012). Due to this fundamental change in industry, the productivity and efficiency have seen a tremendous increase which ultimately enabled mass production.