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Project Management Process
Published in Abdul Razzak Rumane, Risk Management Applications Used to Sustain Quality in Projects, 2023
When other more effective controls are infeasible, the last line of defense is personal protective equipment or PPE. Types of PPE include hard hats, safety glasses, gloves, hearing protection, respirators, etc. These items should be furnished by the employer with strict attention to compliant utilization by all. PPE will go far in eliminating many common injuries.
Innovative technological interventions to combat pandemic proliferation
Published in Harish Hirani, Technological Innovations for Effective Pandemic Response, 2023
Waste generated during the diagnosis/treatment/immunization or waste created during production/testing of biological samples is termed as hospital waste. The medical waste may contain infectious plastic/metallic, hazardous and other biomedical wastes. Ideally appropriate segregation, transportation and safe disposal methods are required. The unscientific and improper disposal of hospital waste containing toxic and biohazardous contaminants trigger the chance of outbreak of the hazardous substance to the environment. Under this definition, all single use PPE (i.e., masks, face shields, gloves, head caps, aprons) and reusable PPE after their appropriate service should be discarded appropriately. In this regard, one of thermal degradation process, such as shown in Figure 2.25 is required. A plasma arc-driven technology comprising plasma electrodes for the generation of high temperature plasma (2000~3000°C), which results in complete decomposition and destruction of pathogens, is the latest best available method. Incineration, the most commonly used method may release toxic gases causing the spread of diseases. To generate a very high temperature (>2000°C) plasma torch is used.
Regulations
Published in W. David Yates, Safety Professional’s Reference and Study Guide, 2020
Each affected employee shall demonstrate an understanding of the training and the ability to use PPE properly, before being allowed to perform work requiring the use of PPE. When the employer has reason to believe that any affected employee who has already been trained does not have the understanding and skill required, the employer shall retrain each such employee.
Heat strain of Japanese firefighters wearing personal protective equipment: a review for developing a test method
Published in Ergonomics, 2023
Yutaka Tochihara, Joo-Young Lee, Su-Young Son, Ilham Bakri
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is defined as a device, an appliance or clothing designed to be worn by an individual for protection against one or more health and/or safety hazards, including clothing which covers or replaces personal clothing (BS-8469 2007; BS EN-469 2020). PPE includes items such as personal protective clothing (PPC), safety helmets, gloves, eye protection, high-visibility clothing, safety footwear, safety harnesses, and a self-contained breathing apparatuses (SCBA). It is essential for firefighters to use this PPE since they work in dangerous environments with high temperatures, flames and toxic gases. However, the combination of heavy PPE weighing 20 kg or more (Holmér, Kuklane, and Gao 2006; Barr, Gregson, and Reilly 2010) and heavy physical activity (Bilzon et al. 2001; Holmér and Gavhed 2007; Barr, Gregson, and Reilly 2010) results in greater increased metabolic heat production. Holmér and Gavhed (2007) reported that male firefighters sustain a mean metabolic rate of 474 W·m−2 for periods of 20 min and longer. This rate exceeds the maximum specified by ISO-8996 (2021). Moreover, heat dissipation from the body is hindered due to multiple layers of semi-impermeable and heat-resistant fabrics, which means that firefighters are exposed to uncompensable heat stress during work.
Analysing the underlying factors affecting safety performance in building construction
Published in Production Planning & Control, 2020
Jeffrey Boon Hui Yap, Wen Kai Lee
Construction accidents can be reduced by identifying and supplying sufficient PPE to workers (Nasrun et al. 2016; Zhao et al. 2015). PPE programme is a procedure for selecting and providing PPE, educating workers about the knowledge to use it (Ulang et al. 2014). PPE can be categorised into different types of protection based on workers’ body parts which including ear, eye, head, feet, hands, bodies and respiratory protection (Tan and Razak 2014). Employer and contractors are responsible for providing adequate PPE to their workers as well as replacing any damaged PPE. According to Ulang et al. (2014), the three steps needed to suitably select necessary PPE are: (i) evaluating potential risk on each construction activity; (ii) determine the necessity of PPE through analysis the working environment; and (iii) selecting PPE based on the precaution of specific construction activity, cost-effective, quality and functionalities. After proper selecting necessary PPE and supplying sufficient quantities for workers, safety committee needs to educate workers about the knowledge of using PPE and its maintenance method.
Comparing the alternatives for the most favourable personal protective equipment
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2021
Serap Ulusam Seçkiner, Hüseyin Ünal
The PPE programme must be planned carefully, applied fully and implemented systemically. The good effects of work health and safety should be announced widely. If any PPE programme underlies the principles of protection strategies before any decision, the programme will be more acceptable in the workplace. According to law, PPE must be used by workers. An employer is responsible to provide necessary instruction on what PPE is required, maintenance and cleaning of the equipment and educating and training of workers for proper use of PPE. Also, existing PPE materials must be compared with new PPE technological improvements, and new challenges between old and new must be considered for mature and successful PPE programmes.