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Smart 3D Nano-Printing in Automobile Industry
Published in Ajit Behera, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Ram K. Gupta, Smart 3D Nanoprinting, 2023
[29] Wang et al. developed a printing strategy in which the modeled functional part, which could be printed, was created separately with appropriate printing materials, whereas the unbounded part was provided with a non-printing powder, such as photosensitive liquid resin. Upon 3D printing, the functional part model was printed and the unbounded region either did not print or was removed. This 3D printing technique was tested in the fabrication of spring washer, vehicle chassis dampers, and certain electronic accessories. [30] Cen et al. developed a connecting rod through laser printing technology using Fe powder subjected to the desired process parameters. A connecting rod is a part of the engine assembly that converts the reciprocating motion of the piston to the rotary motion of the engine. The obtained 3D part had a hardness of 450–490 HV, yield strength of 754 MPa, a tensile strength of 1189 MPa, and the percentage elongation was found to be 9%. Results were compared with traditional forming operations, such as forging and powder forging, and 3D printing was found to be best suited. The process took about 4.5 to nearly 5 minutes to print each layer of the part model, and the total consumed time was 4 hours 20 minutes.
Vehicular Engines
Published in G. K. Awari, V. S. Kumbhar, R. B. Tirpude, Automotive Systems, 2021
G. K. Awari, V. S. Kumbhar, R. B. Tirpude
The connecting rod connects the piston and crankshaft. It converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into a rotary motion. The end connected to the piston is the small end and that connected to the crankshaft the big end. Big end bearings have two liners (Figure 3.3).
Power unit – engine
Published in Andrew Livesey, Practical Motorsport Engineering, 2019
Connecting rod (con rod) – this connects the piston to the crankshaft. The con rod has two bearings; the little end connects to the piston and the big end to the crankshaft. The con rod is made from either cast iron or forged steel. The big-end bearing is a shell bearing; this allows for easy replacement and cheap manufacture.
Dry sliding wear behaviour of steel (AISI 1078) after coating with steam treatment and manganese phosphating
Published in Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces, 2021
Siddhant Kaushik, Ranvir Singh Panwar
Wear and friction are appraised to be the most significant factors while considering the performance of the mechanical components, e.g. connecting rod, bearings and piston cylinder liner assembly systems [1–3]. In different parts of appliances like combustion engine, compressor, etc., the connecting rod, endangered to tensile or compressive stresses, transmits the movement to other parts of the machine. The connecting rod is a crucial running gear of reciprocating air compressor in the household refrigerator. This connection rod connects the crank pin to the piston, where the connecting rod supports the rotary motion of the crankshaft to convert into a reciprocating motion of the piston. Figure 1 shows the geometry of the compressor [4] and a 3D view of the connecting rod along with its dimensions. To improve the performance of the component, higher wear resistance is necessary for different operating conditions. Several different surface treatments may be used to enhance the tribo-mechanical properties, and wear resistance of the surfaces of the machine components. Among the different available surface treatments, such as steam treatment [5], manganese phosphating [6] is being used in industrial set-ups to enhance the wear and corrosion resistance of sintered iron compacts [7] vastly. Good adhesion, improved wear resistance, high corrosion resistance and low manufacturing costs [8–11] make phosphate coatings a better choice for the surface treatment of steel.
Thermoelastic fracture analysis in orthotropic media using optimized element free Galerkin algorithm
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2022
Connecting rod is the basic component of the engine mechanism that converts straight line motion of piston to rotary mechanism. This rod is connected to piston at small end by gudgeon pin while big end is connected to crankshaft. This engine component is subjected to elevated pressure and loads resulting in generation of thermal and mechanical stresses. Any surface or embedded crack in connecting rod is highly susceptible to cause failure owing to thermoelastic loading. Thus, the fracture analysis of such essential engine components becomes very significant [54, 55]. In this section, the proposed EFGM algorithm is utilized to perform stress analysis of a cracked connecting rod having orthotropic properties subjected to thermoelastic loads.
Enhancement of mechanical and wear properties of tungsten carbide coated AA 6063 alloy using detonation gun technique
Published in Transactions of the IMF, 2018
Automotive industries are putting more emphasis on weight optimisation, which helps in reducing emissions and also helps in increasing fuel efficiency. This leads to a steady growth in increasing use of aluminium alloys, which helps in attaining lower weight, with some additional properties such as high corrosion resistance, recyclability and good formability.1–2 Weight reduction of greater than 30% over steel has been achieved, with good performance and the industry is also seen to be attaining weight reduction even in mass production with feasible cost and good safety performance.3 A searching study on the aluminium 6xxx series alloy stated that AA6005A and AA6016 alloys exhibit a well-weighted property profile for use in outer body panels with great bendability, good corrosion and best surface quality.4 6xxx series sheet alloys are used for crash members in the frontal structure of Super Light Car models as they show high strength by utilising paint bake response, where high strength helps in attaining better energy absorption ability.5 Finite element analysis conducted over pistons made of AA390-T5 and ductile iron stated AA390-T5 as the better choice due to its light weight, which helps in reducing the inertial force in spite of having larger directional deformation.6 Connecting rods made of aluminium 5086-H22 alloy are believed to be a better alternative option, helping in controlling excessive stress on the crankshaft of high-speed engines compared to regular steel connecting rods.7 Aluminium 6063-T5 alloy have attained good tensile strength and hardness of 240.56 N mm−2 and 51.10 HV, respectively, by varying the aging conditions.8 AA430 reinforced with SiC and MgO showed improved hardness and tensile strength compared to the base alloy.9