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Materials
Published in Ansel C. Ugural, Mechanical Engineering Design, 2022
Since the physical properties of a cast iron casting are fully affected by its cooling rate during solidification, there are various cast iron types. Gray cast iron is the most widely used form of cast iron. It is common to refer gray cast iron just as cast iron. Other basic types of cast iron include malleable cast irons and nodular or ductile cast irons. Nodular cast iron shrinks more than gray cast iron, but its melting temperature is lower than for cast steel. A particular type of cast iron, called Meehanite iron, is made using a patented process by the addition of a calcium–silicon alloy. In practice, cast irons are classified with respect to ultimate strength. In the ASTM numbering system for cast irons, the class number corresponds to the minimum ultimate strength. Thus, an ASTM No. 30 cast iron has a minimum tensile strength of 30 ksi (210 MPa). Some average properties and minimum ultimate strengths of cast irons are shown in Tables B.1 and B.2, respectively.
Materials
Published in Ansel C. Ugural, Youngjin Chung, Errol A. Ugural, Mechanical Engineering Design, 2020
Ansel C. Ugural, Youngjin Chung, Errol A. Ugural
Since the physical properties of a cast iron casting are fully affected by its cooling rate during solidification, there are various cast iron types. Gray cast iron is the most widely used form of cast iron. It is common to refer gray cast iron just as cast iron. Other basic types of cast iron include malleable cast irons and nodular or ductile cast irons. Nodular cast iron shrinks more than gray cast iron, but its melting temperature is lower than for cast steel. A particular type of cast iron, called Meehanite iron, is made using a patented process by the addition of a calcium–silicon alloy. In practice, cast irons are classified with respect to ultimate strength. In the ASTM numbering system for cast irons, the class number corresponds to the minimum ultimate strength. Thus, an ASTM No. 30 cast iron has a minimum tensile strength of 30 ksi (210 MPa). Some average properties and minimum ultimate strengths of cast irons are shown in Tables B.1 and B.2, respectively.
Materials
Published in Ansel C. Ugural, Youngjin Chung, Errol A. Ugural, MECHANICAL DESIGN of Machine Components, 2018
Ansel C. Ugural, Youngjin Chung, Errol A. Ugural
Since the physical properties of a cast iron casting are fully affected by its cooling rate during solidification, there are various cast iron types. Gray cast iron is the most widely used form of cast iron. It is common to refer gray cast iron just as cast iron. Other basic types of cast iron include malleable cast irons and nodular or ductile cast irons. Nodular cast iron shrinks more than gray cast iron, but its melting temperature is lower than for cast steel. A particular type of cast iron, called Meehanite iron, is made using a patented process by the addition of a calcium–silicon alloy. In practice, cast irons are classified with respect to ultimate strength. In the ASTM numbering system for cast irons, the class number corresponds to the minimum ultimate strength. Thus, an ASTM No. 30 cast iron has a minimum tensile strength of 30 ksi (210 MPa). Some average properties and minimum ultimate strengths of cast irons are shown in Tables B.1 and B.2, respectively.
The Origins of Blast-Loaded Vessels
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2021
These vessels ranged from 5- to 24-in. inside diameters (IDs) with diametrically opposed, threaded access ports constructed from 30 000- and 60 000 psi yield-strength cast steel.4 Detailed quantities for the smaller vessels have not been identified, but documentation is clear for an order of eight 24-in. cast-steel spheres. The order was placed with the Lebanon Steel Foundry in Pennsylvania for four at the lower-yield strength and four at the high-yield strength. The Project Y team objected to the foundry technique proposed and tried to convince Lebanon Steel to use an alternative method, but Lebanon Steel did not agree with the request. Metallurgical reports confirmed defects in the vessels, and no additional orders were placed with Lebanon Steel as the team considered them incompetent.5
Thermal analysis of carbon-carbon piston for commercial vehicle diesel engine using CAE tool
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2021
C. Joel, S. Anand, S. Padmanabhan, S. Prasanna Raj Yadav
The piston should withstand the inertia forces and high combustion gas pressure and it should have greater strength. The piston should be designed to withstand thermal and mechanical distortion and also to disband the heat energy of combustion as quickly with minimal noise and adequately rigid in construction. The piston should form a sealing member for an oil and combustion gas inside the cylinder and provide an adequate strength to avoid unwanted wear and mechanical failure. The universally used materials for pistons of the internal combustion engine are cast aluminum, cast iron, forged aluminum, forged steel and cast steel. Aluminum alloys are used for pistons to have a maximum rate of heat transfer and great heat conductivity and it preserves the maximum temperature difference between the piston centre and edges of the piston crown. In this project, aluminium Alloy was selected as a base piston material.
An improved dynamic model of friction draft gear with a transitional characteristic accounting for housing deformation
Published in Vehicle System Dynamics, 2018
Alexander Olshevskiy, Alexey Olshevskiy, Chang-Wan Kim, Hyun-Ik Yang
Nearly, all experimental results that were used in the engineering development of draft gear PMKP-110 were obtained at the shunting hump testing facility (Figure 9). The bogie (position 3) with a mass of 44 t is lifted by the shunting winch (7) on the hump (6), uncoupled at а given height (5), which depends on the impact velocity required, and rolled against the buffer stop (2), which is fixed in the massive concrete pier (1). The impact velocity is registered by the speed sensor (8). Both the bogie and the buffer stop are equipped with automatic couplers SA-3. The draft gear is set up on the buffer stop, whereas the bogie has a rigid cast steel ingot instead of the draft gear. The impact duration and the draft gear force and deflection are registered. The draft gear force is measured using the dynamometric coupler which has the resistance strain gauges on its shank. The gauges are calibrated under the static load. The deflection of the draft gear is measured using a standard displacement indicator.