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Analysis of Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Characterization of Microwave Cladding on Stainless Steel
Published in Amit Bansal, Hitesh Vasudev, Advances in Microwave Processing for Engineering Materials, 2023
C. Durga Prasad, Mahantayya Mathapati, Hitesh Vasudev, Lalit Thakur
Surface modification is a technique of changing the characteristics of the surface of a material in order to make them suitable for the desired application [1–2]. Effective surface area is governed by morphology which is greater than the macroscopic geometrical area almost every time [3–6]. Because the surface energy of liquids facilitates smooth surfaces, solid materials are usually manufactured from liquids. Surface alteration could be attained in many ways. Some of them include processes like chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), nitriding, cyaniding, and cladding, among others [7–11]. To attain desired properties at surface-level cladding has proved to be the one surface alteration method [12–15]. The surface film governs most of the functional properties, apart from the morphology. Surface energy results when an attractive force is felt between the surface atoms [16–20]. Cladding minimizes spallation and downstream erosion. It can also minimize material/component cost [21]. The material degradation, such as wear, corrosion, and oxidation, in various engineering applications commonly occurs when the structural component subjected to different environmental conditions [22]. To overcome the drawbacks of available surface modification techniques, microwave cladding can be used as a novel form of material processing that can serve with better prospects [23].
The Role of Surface Engineering in Tribology
Published in Jitendra Kumar Katiyar, Alessandro Ruggiero, T.V.V.L.N. Rao, J. Paulo Davim, Industrial Tribology, 2023
P. Kumaravelu, Sudheer Reddy Beyanagari, S. Arulvel, Jayakrishna Kandasamy
Surface modification is the act of modifying the surface of a material by introducing physical, chemical, or biological qualities that vary from those present on the material’s surface. Surface modification methods are employed in a variety of industries, including automotive, aerospace, power, electronic, biomedical, textile, petroleum, petrochemical, chemical, steel, power, cement, machine tools, and so on [36]. Surface modifications are required for additively made metals to increase mechanical, chemical, and physical qualities such as wear resistance, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and surface wettability. The post-treatments cause surface plastic deformation without removing any material, improving the surface and mechanical characteristics of metallic objects. Deformation is induced by the application of loads or shocks, kinetic energy, and thermal energy, which may alter the whole body’s surface layer.[37]
Waterborne Polyurethane for Biomedical Applications
Published in Ram K. Gupta, Ajay Kumar Mishra, Eco-Friendly Waterborne Polyurethanes, 2022
Abbas Mohammadi, Mahtab Eslamieh, Negar Salehi, Saman Abrishamkar
Surface modification methods include radiation (X-ray, electron, and gamma rays), grafting, laser, and plasma treatments. These methods are used to modify the chemical and physical properties of the surface such as surface tension, polarity, and hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity [54]. Huang et al. reported a facile method to modify chitosan under gamma rays for drug delivery. For this purpose, the NH2 groups of chitosan were used to be grafted with other active compounds [55]. In a study by Liu et al., covalent incorporation of acryloyl chloride modified lysozyme into waterborne polyurethane-acrylic coatings (WPUA) by UV curing, represented an easy way to develop highly efficient antibacterial surfaces. These coatings were very effective in killing S. aureus and E. coli bacteria [56].
Evaluation of argon ion impact parameters in aluminium oxide by means of SRIM program and investigation of the effect of argon ion implantation on the thermoluminescence properties aluminium oxide
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2023
S. Nsengiyumva, B. Khabo, N. Mongwaketsi, L. Pichon
Ion implantation, being a surface modification technique, has been used to induce lattice disorder and produce defects in materials. These defects have been shown to act as electron traps or recombination centres. A proper selection of impurities, ion energy (typically between 10 and 200 keV), ion fluence and fluence rate can control luminescence and generate optical absorption bands (9). Many studies including that of Wick et al (10) and Daniels et al (11) have shown that the presence of defects is considered essential for thermoluminescence to occur. Thermoluminescence (TL) is a phenomenon of emission of light by an insulator or a semiconductor as a result of exposure to ionising radiations such as beta rays, X-rays and gamma rays. This phenomenon comes into play when heat is applied to stimulate the release of energy stored during irradiation. The basic effect leading to the production of TL is the trapping of charge carriers, i.e. electrons and holes, produced during exposure to irradiation at defect sites in the material.
Surface modification of cylindrical implants using electric discharge-assisted centreless turning
Published in Surface Engineering, 2022
Arvind Kumar Singh, Anup Malik, Harlal Singh Mali
Surface morphology, roughness, chemistry, and wettability of titanium alloys are vital factors impacting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation directly or indirectly [6]. Recently, several studies have been led regarding surface modification technology enhancements [7]. In addition to changing the material’s physical and chemical properties, surface modification is meant to confer new properties to the surface without disturbing the original properties. Bioimplants with micro/nano-surface features would greatly enhance osseointegration [8]. With the construction of surface micro/nano-structures, there is the possibility of enhanced cellular interactions, such as migration, proliferation, and differentiation, following the implantation of implants [9]. Based on a systematic review, a smooth and minimally rough surface (Ra = 0.5 µm) exhibited less bone formation, and bone-implant contact than a moderately rough surface (Ra = 1–2 µm) did [10]. The next step was to suggest implant surfaces with roughness values between 1 and 1.5 µm as having the best chance of promoting superior bone formation [2]. Excellent surface roughness and topography enhance the adhesions of proteins and osseointegration [6]. The implant’s surface can be enriched with calcium and phosphorus to increase its bioactivity [11].
Humid air plasma-assisted surface treatment as a green functionalization technique to enhance the multi-walled carbon nanotubes dispersion and stability in aqueous solutions
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2022
Masoud Tabarsa, Bahman ZareNezhad
Plasma technique, on the other hand, produces an ionized gaseous medium that has milder conditions than chemical techniques and does not cause serious damage to the nanoparticles in this medium.[16] The plasma process can be used for surface modification of various materials by altering surface properties and functions while maintaining the bulk properties of the material, which is an important advantage over the usual wet chemical method. Furthermore, it is well known that, environmental issues has been attracted more and more attentions in the recent years. In this way, employment of eco-friendly techniques have replaced traditional methods, especially in developed countries. Nitric acid is one of the most widely used materials as a strong oxidizing agent for oxidation of carbon-based materials.[17,18] However, environmental pollutions and health impacts due to the production of toxic by-products such as N2O and NOx gases, as well as the destruction of carbon structures treated by this strong oxidizing agent has led researchers to look for eco-friendly and nondestructive techniques for oxidizing these materials.[19] Low temperature plasma methods are green and nondestructive techniques which can be considered as good candidate for this purpose.[20]