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Mechanical testing and its performance
Published in S. Thirumalai Kumaran, Tae Jo Ko, S. Suresh Kumar, Temel Varol, Materials for Lightweight Constructions, 2023
Wear is defined as the progressive loss of materials from the contacting surfaces in relative motion. The wear test (dry sliding wear test) was performed on the fabricated composite, which is a type of adhesive wear. Wear is triggered between the two elements, which is sliding under the practical load and environment. Wear test was done using the Pin-on-disc apparatus. The disc was made of stainless steel with 50 mm diameter and 10 mm thickness. The hardness of the drive was 70 HRC. The test was performed for a particular test duration by utilizing load and sliding velocity. The face of the specimen was kept perpendicular to the contact surface. Prior to testing, the surface of both the sample and the disc were polished with a soft paper soaked in acetone. The initial and final weight of the sample was measured using an electronic digital balance. The shift in the initial and final weight is the measure of weight loss.
A Review on Tribological Investigations for Automotive Applications
Published in Jitendra Kumar Katiyar, Alessandro Ruggiero, T.V.V.L.N. Rao, J. Paulo Davim, Industrial Tribology, 2023
Vipin Goyal, Pankaj Kumar, Pradyumn Kumar Arya, Dan Sathiaraj, Girish Verma
A more rigid substance strip off a substance from a weaker one is called abrasive wear. When two contact substances hold on to other substances locally, the aim of substance is transported from one surface to another surface is called adhesive wear. The process of removing unevenness on the more rigid material by ploughing action is known as two-body abrasive wear, whereas removing asperity through ploughing action with the help of wear debris is referred to as three-body type abrasive wear. These two popular forms of wear are illustrated in Figure 11.2. Wear quantity can be evaluated either with regard to the amount of difference or the dimension of a worn region of the wear surface using optical microscopy or a profilometer.
Corrosion, Wear, and Degradation of Materials
Published in Mahmoud M. Farag, Materials and Process Selection for Engineering Design, 2020
The following sections describe the different types of wear, which include adhesive wear, abrasive and erosive wear, surface fatigue, corrosive wear, erosion corrosion, and fretting. Erosion corrosion and fretting are discussed in Section 3.4. Table 3.4 shows the predominant type of wear as a function of the type of motion and service environment.
Two-Body and Three-Body Abrasive Wear Behaviors of Fe-2wt%B Alloy Modified With Various K2SO4 Additions
Published in Tribology Transactions, 2023
Qiang Li, Yanliang Yi, Yakai Zhao, Mengmeng Shangguan, Yimin Gao
Improving the wear resistance of materials and developing new-type wear resistance materials are significant for lowering industry costs (1). In conventionally wear-resistant materials, such as high-chromium cast iron or high-alloy steels, a large amount of alloying elements (e.g., Cr, Mn, Ni, Mo) is consumed to obtain good wear resistance (2). For example, >12 wt% Cr addition is necessary for high-chromium cast iron (HCCI) to obtain M7C3 type carbide (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, etc.), which is crucial to its wear resistance. In the past two decades, a new low-cost wear resistance material, Fe-B alloys, was developed aiming to save alloying elements (3,4). The Fe2B phase, reinforcements in Fe-B alloys, exhibits hardness comparable to that of M7C3 type carbide (1300–1500 HV). Unlike carbon in iron, the maximum solid solution of B in iron is extremely low (<0.0004 wt% in α-Fe), and thus all the B addition leads to Fe2B phase formation (5,6). Therefore, by adjusting the B and C addition, the volume fraction of Fe2B and the properties of the matrix can be respectively controlled, which gives a possibility of separately tuning the wear resistance and mechanical properties of Fe-B alloys.
Friction and wear of cobalt–chromium–nickel–copper alloy in contact with tungsten-carbide-sintered balls
Published in Powder Metallurgy, 2023
Bin Wu, Jie Wei, Jin-rong Wu, Mao-li Wang
Sliding wear damage in Co-based materials poses a safety and economic concern. To reduce energy consumption, it is necessary to design novel wear resistant materials for use in daily equipment. However, extensive energy is consumed by the application of wear-resistant materials, such as high Cr cast iron. Some researchers have attempted to research the tribological behaviour and obtain a corrosion evaluation of the CoCrMo alloy [8]. Yi and Xing et al. [9] reported that minor Ni and copper (Cu) additions can improve the mechanical properties of iron (Fe)–boron alloys. Li and Wu et al. [10] reported that the sliding wear property may be improved with titanium addition to the aluminium–CrFeCoNi alloy. Akyol et al. [11] proposed a novel approach for corrosion and wear resistance in the electroless Ni–phosphorus–tungsten alloy with CNF co-deposition. Nowacki and Pieczonka [12] studied the wear resistance of sintered Fe–boron–Co powder metallurgy (PM) metal matrix composites using dilatometric analysis. Littled information has been published on PM or the wear behaviour of CoCrNiCu in contact with tungsten-carbide-sintered balls.
Wear modelling in wheel–rail contact problems based on energy dissipation
Published in Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces, 2021
Andrzej Myśliński, Andrzej Chudzikiewicz
Wear is a complex physical process characterized by the deformation and removal of material from a solid surface due to the mechanical action exerted by the another solid [1,2]. It frequently occurs as a progressive loss of material resulting from the frictional contact interaction of two loaded sliding surfaces. Many different physical and/or chemical factors may generate the occurrence of the wear phenomenon on contacting surfaces. In engineering practice, four basic types of wear are considered: adhesive, abrasive, corrosive and surface-fatigue wear [1–3]. The wear rate of the contacting surfaces, under nominal operating conditions, usually changes from low values, through the phase of steady wear till high rate of wear where surfaces are subject to rapid damage. This wear evolution process is usually slow and depends on the materials and surface properties of the contacting bodies as well as on the contact conditions. Experimental and numerical tests indicate that high temperatures or stress rates may accelerate the wear of structure surfaces [1–3]. Many attempts have been made to understand the variables influencing the wear phenomenon and to formulate the equations governing it. The techniques to reduce the friction and wear are reviewed in [4]. A comprehensive literature review of wear models and the predictive equations is presented in papers [1–6].