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Tobacco Products
Published in Barry L. Johnson, Maureen Y. Lichtveld, Environmental Policy and Public Health, 2017
Barry L. Johnson, Maureen Y. Lichtveld
Smokeless tobacco is one of the most addictive and potent ways of consuming tobacco [19]. Half a can (17 g) of U.S.-style moist snuff contains 236 mg of nicotine; more than twice the daily nicotine consumption of the next potent tobacco product, Snus. In fact, holding an average size dip in the mouth for just 30 min can deliver as much nicotine as smoking three cigarettes. The CDC has summarized the adverse health of smokeless tobacco as follows [19]: “Smokeless tobacco is associated with many health problems. Using smokeless tobacco
Practitioner observations of oral nicotine use in elite sport: You snus you lose
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2021
Andreas M. Kasper, Graeme L. Close
There are numerous ways to administer nicotine such as inhalation, trans-dermally and orally. Snus is an oral tobacco-based product containing high levels of nicotine that originated in Sweden during the eighteenth century as a derivative of dry snuff. When nicotine is taken in the form of snus, the nicotine rapidly diffuses across the mucosal membrane into the bloodstream (Fant et al.,1999) and has been reported to peak blood nicotine levels similarly to cigarette smoking (Holm, Jarvis, Russell, & Feyerabend, 1992). Although modern day snus is reported to be manufactured with lower levels of toxicants than previously, there are still many confounding health issues associated with snus usage. The purpose of the current article (and accompanying graphic, see Figure 1) is to: (1) raise awareness of snus use in sport which has been observed directly by the authors in their daily practice, along with reports in the printed media (BBC Sport, 2018; Keegan, 2018a, 2018b; Wooler & Pollard, 2018) and scientific literature (Martinsen, 2012; Mündel, 2017) especially in team sports such as football and rugby, (2) provide an overview of the potential ergogenic effects of nicotine with a specific focus upon snus and (3) briefly describe the health implications of snus.