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Utilization of Alkyd Resin in Water-Thinnable Paints for Low Volatile Organic Compounds Emission
Published in Kailas L. Wasewar, Sumita Neti Rao, Sustainable Engineering, Energy, and the Environment, 2022
Rosin [6] is the residue obtained from the distillation of pine exudate. Rosin acids are monocarboxylic having molecular formula C20H30O2. It contains 90% rosin acids and the remaining are esters, aldehyde, and alcohol. It is monobasic acid it controls the polymerization reaction as a chain stopper. It has a natural tendency of making excellent emulsion for development of water-based compositions. It is also abundantly available and widely used in a large number of industrial products like paints, detergents, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Alkyds obtained from rosin have good water and environmental resistance. Rosin and its derivatives [9] have some inherent properties such as excellent film-forming property, ability to form moisture-protective films, resistance to acids, excellent binding ability, non-conductor of electricity, etc. The chemical structures of typical rosin are shown in Figure 29.2.
Gases: Smokes
Published in Wen-Jei Yang, Handbook of Flow Visualization, 2018
Resin is a semisolid organic substance exuded from various plants and trees or prepared synthetically, whereas rosin is the hard, brittle residue remaining after oil of turpentine has been distilled. Maltby and Keating [18] describe an electrically fused, pyrotechnic resin smoke generator that was developed for use in wind tunnels with speeds up to 16 m/s. This smoke generator was manufactured by Brocks Fireworks Company, Ltd., in England and was based on the vaporization of resin. Maltby and Keating [18] also mention that some ammonium chlorate is present in the resin canisters, which must be stored away from heat since this substance is unstable. The device is simply a smoke bomb adapted for wind tunnel use. This appears to be the only mention of a resin or rosin smoke generator used for wind tunnel flow visualization.
Polymers-Based Devices for Dermal and Transdermal Delivery
Published in Severian Dumitriu, Valentin Popa, Polymeric Biomaterials, 2020
Donatella Paolino, Margherita Vono, Felisa Cilurzo
Rosin is a natural oleoresin obtained from pine trees. It is a low molecular weight (MW = 400) polymer containing ∼90% of tricyclic diterprene carboxylic acids (abietic and pimaric, Figure 28.3). This polymer and its derivatives are hydrophobic, biocompatibile, and biodegradable. In particular, biocompatibility of rosin was demonstrated by the absence of necrosis or abscess formation in the surrounding tissues when injected into the dermis (Pathak et al. 1990).
A comparative environmental impact analysis of asphalt mixtures containing crumb rubber and reclaimed asphalt pavement using life cycle assessment
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2021
Sara Bressi, Joao Santos, Marko Orešković, Massimo Losa
Devulcanisation and refining. All the input and outputs of the devulcanisation process were collected from literature (Li et al.2014). Specifically, plasticisers (pine tar and rosin) were considered to be added to improve rubber plasticity after the shredding process. Pine tar is a viscous and sticky liquid obtained from pine through destructive distillation. Rosin is a solid resin obtained from the oil of pine trunk. The desulfurisation tank is kept at a high temperature (approximately 230°C) and under pressure (2.2 MPa). The waste gas discharged in two different moments was treated. The first gas steam is discharged from the desulfurisation tank, after it is cooled and decompressed. Finally, a gas absorber with sodium carbonate is used to remove almost entirely the contaminants from the steam. The other one is discharged from the heat conduction oil furnace and consists mainly of CO2, NOX and SO2 (Li et al.2014). A wet-flue gas desulfurisation system, which relies on 96% efficiency in dust collection and 75% desulfurisation efficiency, was used. After the devulcanisation process, the rubber is reprocessed in the refining stage where non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) are collected and absorbed with an efficiency of 80%. After that, they are released to the atmosphere. Table 4 reports the input and output of the devulcanisation and refining processes.
Preparation and electrochemical properties of a polyN,N’-methylene diacrylamide-based cross-linking copolymer film on 6063 Al alloy
Published in Transactions of the IMF, 2021
Huicheng Yu, Zhanwang Shi, Yong Fu, Dongping Wei, Fuhou Lei, Xuecai Tan
Inorganic and organic inhibitors have been widely investigated as doping agents to improve the corrosion protection properties of polymer films.9–11 Several previous studies showed that organic amines provide good protection for most metals.12,13 Rosin is a renewable natural resin obtained from pines and some other plants, and its unique hydrophenanthrene ring gives rosin excellent rigidity, and hydrophobicity.14 In particular, the chemically modified rosin can be easily crosslinked with monomer molecules which possess nitrogen, and oxygen. The crosslinking improves its structural integrity and forms a novel material with enhanced performance and which is superior to those of the pure components in polymers.15
Intrinsic adhesive and cohesive assessment of the moisture sensitivity of bio-rejuvenated recycled asphalt binders
Published in Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2019
Ana Jiménez del Barco Carrión, Juan S. Carvajal-Muñoz, Davide Lo Presti, Gordon Airey
RA binder was recovered from a RA source in France according to EN 12697-4:2005 Fractionating Column by distillation. The two bio-materials were considered as binders, namely: BioBinder (BB) and Biophalt® (BP). BB is a binder produced from the blend of a pentaerythritol rosin ester (80% in mass) and linseed oil (20% in mass). The rosin is light-coloured, deodorised and used in various adhesive and road marking Hot Melt formulations. Biophalt® is a vegetal binder manufactured from by-products of the paper industry and distillation of crude tall oil, containing polymers and patented by Eiffage company. A conventional 50/70 penetration grade bitumen (50/70) was included in the investigation for comparison with the binders and blends.